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مقایسه کارایی چند معادله برآورد شاخص فرسایشپذیری مدل USLE در شرایط آزمایشگاهی | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 10، دوره 51، شماره 7، مهر 1399، صفحه 1725-1736 اصل مقاله (597.5 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.299356.668539 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محمود عرب خدری* 1؛ زهرا گرامی2؛ صمد شادفر3؛ رضا بیات4؛ یحیی پرویزی5؛ سعید نبی پی لشکریان6 | ||
1دانشیار گروه حفاظت آب و خاک، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
2کارشناس پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری و دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت منابع خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران | ||
3دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
4استادیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
5دانشیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
6کارشناس پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
با اندازهگیری هدررفت خاک در چهار نمونه خاک با کاربری دیم در آزمایشگاه شبیهساز باران و فرسایش پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، و با تکیه بر مفهوم نسبتها، کارآیی چهار معادله برآورد شاخص فرسایشپذیری K-USLE، K-Vaezi، K-EPIC و K-Dg ارزیابی شد. برای هر نمونه خاک، آزمایشهایی با شدتهای 33، 64 و 110 mm/h در شیب 12% و شدت 64 mm/h در شیبهای 6%، 12% و 25% بهمدت 30 دقیقه در دو تکرار اجرا و میزان هدررفت خاک اندازهگیری شد. علاوه بر این، حجم شیارهای ایجاد شده در انتهای هر آزمایش با خطکش اندازهگیری گردید. با تقسیم تلفات خاک به حاصلضرب عوامل RLSCP رابطه جهانی هدررفت خاک در هر تیمار، فرسایشپذیری مشاهدهای (K-Obs.) بهدست آمد که پراکندگی زیادی را نشان داد. با توجه به شکلگیری کامل فرسایش شیاری در تیمار شدت 110 mm/h در شیب 12%، این تیمار بهعنوان معرف انتخاب و مقادیر K برآوردی با آن مقایسه شد. نتایج، حاکی از کمبرآوردی K-Vaezi (و در یک مورد، مقدار منفی) و بیشبرآوردی سه شاخص دیگر است. کمترین اختلاف مربوط به K-Dg با 3-5 برابر بیشبرآوردی است. در مرحله بعد، برای هر تیمار، نسبت K-Obs. خاکها بهصورت دوبهدو محاسبه و با نسبتهای متناظر هر یک از Kهای برآوردی با آماره t مقایسه شد. نتایج تحلیل نسبتها نشان داد که دو شاخص K-Dgو K-EPIC در سطح احتمال 5% هماهنگی بهتری با K-Obs. دارند. در نهایت، استفاده از K-Dg با اعمال ضریب اصلاحی کاهنده برای خاکهای مشابه توصیه میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
خاک دیم؛ شیب؛ شدت باران؛ و فرسایش شیاری | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Comparing the Performance of Several Erodibility Indices' Equations of USLE Model at Laboratory Condition | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mahmood Arabkhedri1؛ Zahra Gerami2؛ samad shadfar3؛ Reza Bayat4؛ Yahya Parvizi5؛ Saeed Nabipay Lashkarian6 | ||
1Assoc. Prof., Water and Soil Conservation Dep., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization | ||
2Research Expert, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute and PhD Candidate in Soil Resource Management, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran | ||
3Assoc. Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
4Asst. Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
5Assoc. Prof. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran | ||
6Research Expert, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
The performance of four erodibility indices' equations including K-USLE, K-Vaezi, K-EPIC and K-Dg were evaluated by measuring soil loss at four dryfarming soil samples in the Rainfall and Erosion Simulation Laboratory of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute. For each soil sample, several experiments (33, 64 and 110 mm/h rainfall intensities, RI, at 12% slope and 64 mm/h RI at 6%, 12% and 25% slopes) were conducted for 30 min in two replicates and the soil loss were measured. In addition, the volume of rills was measured at the end of each experiment. The observed erodibility (K-Obs.) was obtained by dividing the soil loss to RLSCP factors product of USLE in each treatment which showed a high scatter. The 110 mm/h RI on 12% slope was selected as the reference treatment due to complete developed rill erosion network. Then, the estimated K value was compared to it. The results indicate an underestimation of K-Vaezi (and a negative value in one case) and an overestimation of the other three indices. The lowest difference is for K-Dg with 3-5 times overestimation. In the Next step, for each treatment, a ratio was calculated by dividing the K-Obs. of each pair soils and compared with the corresponding ratios of estimated erodibility indices using t-student statistic. The results of ratios analysis showed that the K-Dg and K-EPIC indices had better agreement with K-Obs. at 5% probability level. As a conclusion, it is recommended to use K-Dg by applying a reduction coefficient for similar soils. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
dryfarming soil, slope, rainfall intensity, and rill erosion | ||
مراجع | ||
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