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بررسی نقش ژنتیکی و فیزیولوژیکی ژن لپتین با صفات عملکردی و تولیدمثلی در دامهای اهلی | ||
علمی- ترویجی (حرفهای) دامِستیک | ||
دوره 19، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 15، اسفند 1398، صفحه 35-41 اصل مقاله (2.32 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- ترویجی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/domesticsj.2020.76399 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
وحید دهقانیان ریحان* 1؛ فرزاد غفوری2؛ ملیکا ستوده ئیان3؛ افشین سیفی جمادی4 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام، گروه علوم دامی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام و طیور، گروه علوم دامی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
3دانشجوی کارشناسی گروه علوم دامی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
4دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی فیزیولوژی دام، گروه علوم دامی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
پایۀ اصلی انتخاب گاوهای نر، میزان تولید شیر دختران آنها میباشد؛ این در حالی است که افزایش میزان تولید شیر با کاهش میزان باروری در آنها همراه گردیده است. یکی از علل رابطه معکوس میان میزان تولید شیر و باروری، مقدار انرژی مصرفی میباشد که نمیتواند احتیاجات همزمان نگهداری و شیردهی را در اوایل دورهی شیردهی برآورد کند؛ بنابراین موجب تعادل منفی انرژی در ابتدای دوره میگردد. در این دوره گاو ذخایر چربی بدن را به کار میگیرد و بخش اعظمی از انرژی تولیدی جهت تولید شیر اختصاص یافته و سایر فرآیندها، مانند تولیدمثل و سیستم ایمنی سهم کمتری پیدا میکنند. در سالهای اخیر نظریهای مبنی بر اهمیت هورمونها در احیای باروری به دنبال انتخاب بر اساس میزان تولید شیر، بسیار مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته است. بررسیها و تحقیقات برای یافتن یک هورمون ارتباط دهنده بین تغذیه و باروری در گاو شیری کانون توجه را به یکی از این هورمونها که لپتین باشد، جلب کرده است. هورمون لپتین یک پروتئین با 167 اسیدآمینه و وزن مولکولی 16 کیلودالتون میباشد که توسط ژن ob (Obesity) کد میشود. این هورمون به طور عمده در بافت چربی سفید ترشح میشود که با افزایش مقادیر چربی، مقدار این هورمون نیز افزایش مییابد. همچنین لپتین با تاثیر بر محور هیپوتالاموس- هیپوفیز- گنادها نقش ویژهای در فرایندهای تولید مثلی حیوانات مزرعهای دارد. با توجه به اهمیت فیزیولوژیکی این هورمون در تنظیم مصرف غذا، تعادل انرژی، کارکرد بهینه سیستم ایمنی و سیستم تولید مثلی، هدف از این مطالعه، مروری بر ویژگیهای ژن لپتین و تأثیر میزان بیان آن بر روی صفات تولیدی، تولیدمثلی و همچنین بررسی سوخت و ساز در دامهای اهلی میباشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
انرژی مصرفی؛ رشد؛ صفات تولیدمثلی؛ صفات عملکردی؛ لپتین | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The genetical and physiological effect of leptin gene on productive and reproductive traits of domestic animals | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Vahid Dehghanian Reyhan1؛ Farzad Ghafouri2؛ Melika Sotodeheian3؛ Afshin Seifi-Jamadi4 | ||
1M.Sc. Student of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
2Ph.D. Student of Animal and Poultry Breeding & Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
3B.Sc. Student of Animal Science, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
4Ph.D. Student of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
The selection of superior bulls is traditionally based on the milk production of their Offspring, while the increases of milk production is associated with fertility reduction. The negative energy balance after gestation and during the milk production is the major reason for this fertility reduction. During this period, cows mobilize their body's fat sources, and the system prefer to use this energy for milk production rather that reproduction and immune system. The assumption that the hormones play an important role in restoring fertility following selection based on milk production have been much discussed in the recent years. Research have been conducted to identify a hormone that links the nutritional status with fertility in dairy cows. One of these hormones which has an important role is Leptin. This hormone is a protein consists of 167 amino acids with 16 kDa molecular weight that is encoded by the ob (Obesity) gene. It is mainly secreted by adipocyte cells in adipose tissue, which increases with increasing of the fat resources. It is involved in regulating food intake, energy balance, fertility, and immune system function. Therefore, this paper was aimed to review the Leptin metabolism and its effect on productive and reproductive traits and in domestic animals. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Energy balance, Growth, Leptin, Production, Reproduction | ||
مراجع | ||
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