پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,500 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,084,838 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,188,964 |
منشاء یابی گرد و غبار با استفاده از نسبت یونها و مرفولوژی ذرات در نیمه غربی ایران | ||
| نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 73، شماره 2، مرداد 1399، صفحه 355-367 اصل مقاله (1.06 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2020.294726.1874 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ناهید محمودی مه پاش* 1؛ بابک سوری2 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه کردستان | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه محیط زیست دانشگاه کردستان سنندج صندوق پستی 416 ایران آلودگی خاک، آلودگی آب، ارزیابی خاکhs | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پدیده گردوغبار در نیمه غربی ایران معضلات محیط زیستی زیادی به بار آورده، بنابراین شناخت جنبه‌های کمی و کیفی آن ضروری است. این تحقیق به بررسی نسبت یونها و مرفولوژی ذرات گردوغبار با هدف تعیین منابع احتمالی دخیل در ایجاد گرد-وغبار می‌پردازد. نمونه‌‌برداری بمدت یک‌‌سال در شهرهای سنندج، خرم آباد و اندیمشک به روش غیرفعال صورت گرفت. مقادیر سنجش شده بوسیله IC با استفاده از نسبت‌های Cl-/Na+، Mg2+/Na+ و NO3-/SO42- ارزیابی شدند. آنالیز داده‌ها با نرم‌افزارهای Spss-ver23 وExcel-2016 انجام پذیرفت. نتایج نشان داد کلسیم میانگین درصد بیشتری نسبت به سایر کاتیون‌ها در سه ایستگاه (684/3 %، 488/5% ،444/4 %) دارد. آنیون‌ها در سه ایستگاه میانگین درصد مشابهی داشتند. بالا بودن درصد یونها موید منشا خاکزاد و نقش رسوبات تبخیری در پدیده گردوغبار می‌باشد. میانگین نسبت Cl-/Na+ در ایستگاه‌های سنندج و اندیمشک (815/0، 432/0) کمتر از استاندارد منابع دریایی (17/1) بدست آمد. نسبت Mg2+/Na+ در سه ایستگاه بالاتر از حد استاندارد منابع دریایی بود (23/0). بررسی نسبت یونها نشان داد ذرات گرد و غبار از بسترهای خشک شده منابع آبی (مناطق تولید گردو غبار فرامرزی و داخلی) که با خشکسالی از بین رفته‌اند منشا گرفته‌اند و در مسیر انتقال، بوسیله جریان هوا ترکیب یونها بواسطه ترکیب با عوامل مختلف دچار تغییرات، واکنش‌ها و نوساناتی گردیده است. اندازه ذرات گردوغبار با دور شدن از منبع شکل گیری آن‌ها (غبارهای فرامرزی) تمایل به ریز شدن داشتند. بطوریکه میانگین اندازه ذرات در سنندج 9/7، خرم آباد 9/8 و اندیمشک 6/10 میکرومتر بود. مرفولوژی ذرات در سه ایستگاه به شکل کروی، نیمه‌کروی و زاویه‌دار بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سنندج؛ خرم آباد؛ اندیمشک؛ نسبت یونی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Detecting origin of dust-fall using ions ratio and morphology of the particles in western Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Nahid Mahmoodimahpash1؛ Bubak Souri2 | ||
| 1Graduate of Kurdistan University | ||
| 2Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416 Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The phenomenon of dust has caused many environmental problems in the western half of Iran. Therefore, recognition of this phenomenon from two aspects of quantity and quality is necessary. This study investigates the ions ratios as well as the morphology of dust particles in order to determine the possible sources involved in dust-fall. Sampling was carried out for one year through the passive method in Sanandaj, Khorramabad and Andimeshk cities.the measured components using Ion Chromatography were evaluated by Cl-/Na+, Mg2+/Na+, and NO3-/SO42- ratios.The resulted data were also analyzed using Exel-2016 and Spss-ver 23 softwares. The results showed that calcium ion has got more percentage average in comparison with other cations in the three stations (3.684%, 5.488%, 4.444%). An-ions have similar average percentages for the three stations. High percentages of ions in dust-fall confirm soil origin and role of evaporites in dust-fall phenomenon. Average of Cl-/Na+ in Sanandaj and Andimeshk stations (0.432, 0.815) were found to be less than seawater standards (1.17). Mg2+/Na+ ratio was higher than the standard of seawater ratio (0.23) for the three stations. Investigation of ratios of the measured ions also showed that dust-fall particles are originated from drylands (transboundary and inland dust production areas) particularly wetlands currently dried because of drought condition and during transportation, by air flows admixtion of ions by different actions are face changes, reactions , and fluctuations. The size of dust were likely to get small by diverging of their shaping origians (transboundary dusts).So the average of dusts size were sanandaj 7.9, Khorramabad 8.9 , and andimeshk 10.6 micrometer. Morphology of the particles was round sphere, semi-sphere , and angular shapes. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Sanandaj, Khorramabad, Andimeshk, Ionic ratio | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Amjadian, K., Pirouei, M., Mehr, R M., Shakeri,A., Rasool, Kh Sh., Haji, I D. 2018. Contamination, health risk, mineralogical and morphological status of street dusts- Case study: Erbil metropolis, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Environmental Pollution. (2018), 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.116. Arami, S. A., Ownegh, M., Behbahani. M, A., Akbari, M., Zarasvandi, A. 2018. The analysis of dust hazard studies in southwest region of Iran in 22 years (1996-2018). Journal of Spatial Environmental Hazards. 5(1), 39-66. (In Persian). Behrooz, D R., Sari –E, A., Bahramifar, N., Kaskaoutis, D.G. 2016. Analysis of the TSP, PM10 concentrations and water-soluble ionic species in airborne samples over Sistan, Iran during the summer dusty period. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 8, 1- 15. Behrooz, D R., Sari –E, A., Bahramifar, N., Kaskaoutis, D.G., Saeb, K., Rajaei, F.2017. Traceelement concentrations and water-soluble ions in size- segregated dust-borne and soil samples in Sistan, southeast Iran. Aeolian Research. 25, 87- 105. Gholampour, A., Nabizadeh, R., Hassanvand, M S., Taghipour, H., Nazmara, Sh., Mahvi, AH. 2015. Characterization of saline dust emission resulted from Urmia Lake drying. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering. 28, 13- 82. Goudie, A., Middleton, N., 2006. Desert Dust in the Global System. ISBN 978-3-540-32355-6. He, Q., Yan, Y., Guo, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Wang, X. 2017. Characterization and source analysis of water-soluble inorganic ionic species in PM2.5 in Taiyuan city, China. Atmospheric Research. 184, 48-55. Hojati S., Khademi, H., Cano, A. F., Landi A. 2012. Characteristics of dust deposited along a Transect between central Iran and the Zagros Mountains. Catena. 88(1), 27- 36. Ji, Y., Chen, X., Li, Y., Zhang, W., Shi, Q., Chen, J., Gao, Y., Li,G., Wang, J., Tian, P., An, T. 2019. The mixing state of mineral dusts with typical anthropogenic pollutants: A mechanism study.Atmospheric Environment. Jaradat, Q. M., Momani , K. M., Jbarah, A- Z. Q., Massadeh, A. 2004. Inorganic analysis of dust fall and office dust in an industrial area of Jordan.Environmental Research. 96(2), 139- 144. Javed, W., Wexler A., Murtaza, G., Ahmad, H.R., Basra, S. M. A. 2015. Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Atmosfera. 28(2), 99- 116. Javid, M., Bahramifar, N., Younesi, H., Taghavi, S M., Givehchi, R.2015. Dry deposition, seasonal variation and source interpretation of ionic species at Abali, Firouzkouh and Varamin, Tehran Province, Iran. Atmospheric Research. 157, 74- 90. Khatooni. D, J. 2016. Sedimentologyand geochemistry of Khuzestan plain quaternary sediments: implications on the dust storm production. New findings in Applied Geology. 10(20). (In persian) Khuzestani, B R., Souri B. 2013. Evaluation of the heavy metal contamination hazards in nuisance dust particles, in Kurdistan province, Western Iran. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 25(7), 1346- 1354. Lawrence, C. R., Neff, J. C. 2009. The contemporary physical and chemical flux of aeolian dust: A synthesis of direct measurements of dust deposition. Chemical Geology. 267, 46- 63. Lee, B- K., Hieu, N. Th. 2013. Seasonal ion characteristics of fine and coarse particles from an urban residential area in a typical industrial city. Atmospheric Research. 122, 362- 377. Mahpash M, N., Souri, B. 2019. Comparison of soluble ions among dust fall particles of various latitudes in western Iran. Iranian Journal of Environmental Sciences. (In Persian). Ma, Y., Wang, Z.,Tan, Y., Xu, S., Kong, S., Wu, G., Wu, X., Li, H. 2016. Comparison of inorganic chemical compositions of atmospheric TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in northern and southern Chinese coastal cities. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 55, 339- 353. Molnar P, Johannesson S, Quass U. 2014.Source Apportionment of PM2.5 Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and PMF with Factor Selection. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 14, 725- 733. Norouzi, S., Khademi, H., Ayubi, Sh., Cano, F.A., Acosta A.J. 2017. Seasonal and spatial variations in dust deposition rate and concentrations of dustborne heavy metals, a case study from Isfahan, central Iran. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 8(4), 1- 4. Rajabi, M., Souri, B. 2015. Evalution of heavy metals among dust fall particles of Sanandaj, Khorramabad, and Andimeshk cities in western Iran 2012- 2013.Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 8(1).(In persian). Rashki, A., Eriksson P. G., W. Rautenbach C. J. de., Kaskaoutis D. G., Grote W., Dykstra J. 2013. Assessment of chemical and mineralogical characteristics of airborne dust in the Sistan region, Iran. Chemosphere. 90 (2), 227- 236. Rashki, A., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Sepehr A. 2018. Statistical evaluation of the dust events at selected stations in Southwest Asia: From the Caspian Sea to the Arabian Sea. Catena. 165, 590- 603. Revandi, A., Mirrokni, M., Mohammadiha,A. 2013. Investigation of formation and propagation of Dust Storms entering to the west and southwest of Iran using lagrangian particle diffusion model, HYSPLIT. Journal of Climate Reaserch.4, 1- 16.(In Persian). Rezazadeh, M., Irannejad, P., and Shao, Y. 2013. Climatology of the Middle East dust events. Journal of Aeolian Research. 10, 103- 109. Shahsavani A, Nadaffi K, Jafarzadeh H. N, Mesdaghinia A, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Arhami M, Yarahmadi M, Sowlat M. H, Ghani M, Jafari A.J, Alimohamadi M, Motevalian S. A, Soleimani Z. 2012. Characterization of ionic composition of TSP and PM10 during the middle- eastern dust storms in Ahvaz, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 184(11), 6683- 6692. Shen, Zh, X., Cao, J., Arimoto, R., Zhang, R.J., Jie, D. M., Liu, S. X., Zhu, Ch. Sh. 2007. Chemical composition and source characterization of spring aerosol over Horqin sand land in northeastern China. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 112. 34. Shen, Zh., Wang X., Zhang R., Ho K., Cao J., Zhang M. 2011. Chemical Composition of Water-soluble ions and carbonate estimation in spring aerosol at a semi-arid site of Tongyu, China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 10, 360– 368. Shen, Zh., Cao, J., Arimoto, R., Han, Zh., Zhang, R., Han, Y., Liu, S., Okuda, T., Nakao, Sh., Tanaka, Sh. 2009. Ionic composition of TSP and PM2.5 during dust storms and air pollution episodes at Xi’an, China. Atmospheric Environment. 43 (18), 2911- 2918. Wang, X., Huang N., Dong, Zh., Zhang, C. 2010. Mineral and trace element analysis in dustfall collected in the Hexi Corridor and its significance as an indicator of environmental changes. Environmental Earth Sciences. 60, (1), 1– 10. Wang, Zh., Pan, X., Uno, I., Chen, X., Yamamoto, Sh., Zheng, H., Li, J., Wang, Z. 2018. Importance of mineral dust and anthropogenic pollutants mixing during a long- lasting high PM event over East Asia.Environmental Pollution. 234, 368- 378. Wang, Sh., Wang, J., Zhou, Z., Shang, K. 2005. Regional characteristics of three kinds of dust storm events in China. Atmospheric Environment.39 (3), 509- 520. Zarasvandi, A., Mor, F., Nazarpour, A. 2011. Mineralogical and morphological composition of dust particles forming in Khuzestan province SEM and XRD images based on analyzes. Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy. 19, 511- 518.(In Persian). Zhang, T., Cao, J. J., Tie, X. X., Shen, Z. X., Liu, S. X., Ding, H., Han, Y. M., Wang, G. H., Hoa, K. F., Qiangd, J., Lie, W. T. 2011. Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured in Xi'an, China: Seasonal variations and sources. Atmospheric Research. 102 (1-2), 110– 119. Zhang. R., Jing, J., Tao, J., Hsu, S- C., Wang, G., Cao, J., Lee, C. S., Zhu, L., Chen, Z., Zhao, Y., Shen, Z. 2013. Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Beijing: seasonel perspective. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 7053– 7074. Zou, J., Liu, Z., Hu, B., Huang, X., Wen, T., Ji, D., Liu, J.,Yang, Y., Yao,Q., Wan, Y. 2017. Characteristics of the Chemical Compositions of Aerosols in the North China Plain and their Impact on the Visibility in Beijing and Tianjin. (2017). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 433 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 354 |
||