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بررسی اثرات تنش های آب و هوایی بر شدت آسیب آفات و بیماری های میوه خرما | ||
دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران | ||
دوره 51، شماره 1، شهریور 1399، صفحه 39-53 اصل مقاله (905.34 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijpps.2020.290086.1006912 | ||
نویسنده | ||
مسعود لطیفیان* | ||
سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی | ||
چکیده | ||
ریزش میوه، کرم میوه خوار (Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick)، کنه تارتن(Oligonychus afrasiaticus McGregor)، عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه و بیماری خامج (Mauginiella scaettae Cavara) از عوامل مهم خسارت درخت خرما میباشد. این تحقیق در طی سالهای 1385 تا 1394 به مدت 10 سال در منطقه آبادان برای بررسی اثرات تنشهای حرارتی و رطوبتی بر شدت آسیب و شبیهسازی مدل پیشآگاهی عوامل خسارتزای نخل خرما انجام گرفت. چهار نخلستان از چهار روستا به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و ماهانه از آنها تا هنگام برداشت میوه برای درصد آسیب میوه خرما نمونهبرداری میشد. دادههای هواشناسی از ایستگاه سینوپتیک آبادان جمعآوری گردید. در طراحی سیستم از مدلهای حرارتی، رطوبتی و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار آسیب ریزش میوه، کرم میوه خوار، کنه تارتن، عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه و بیماری خامج به ترتیب در ماههای فروردین، خرداد، تیر، شهریور و فروردین همزمان با مرحله فنولوژیکی حبابوک، کیمری، خارک، تبدیل خارک به رطب و حبابوک به حداکثر میرسد. میزان آسیب این عوامل به ترتیب از دمای 4/21، 21، 7/26، 2/30 و 4/21 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 7/14، 20، 7/14، 3/21 و 9/27 درصد شروع شده و تا دمای9/40، 36، 50، 50 و 6/37 درجه سلسیوس به تدریج افزایش مییابد. مدل پیشآگاهی عومل آسیبزای خرما به ترتیب در سطح 1، 5، 5، 5 و 5 درصد معنیدار بودهاند. در تمام مدلهای پیشآگاهی ضریب تبیین بالاتر از 7/0 و خطای تشخیص کمتر از 25 درصد بود. در میان شاخصهای هواشناسی میزان رطوبتنسبی و بارندگی بیشترین تأثیر را در تغییرات شدت آسیب عوامل مورد بررسی داشتند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
خرما؛ عوامل آسیب؛ تنش های آب و هوایی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Effects of climatic stress on the severity of date palm fuits pests and diseases damages | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Masoud Latifian | ||
Agricultural Research, Extension and education organization, Horticulture science Research Institute | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Fruits dropping, the lesser moth (Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick), spider mite (Oligonychus afrasiaticus McGregor), Date bunch fading and Date palm inflorescence rot diseases (Mauginiella scaettae Cavara) are important injurious factors of date palm. This research was carried out in Abadan region from 2005 to 2014 to study the effects of temperature and humidity stresses on injury severity and simulation of date palm damages prediction model. Four different date palm orchards from four villages were selected and they were sampled monthly for the percentage of date fruit damage until harvest. Climatic data were obtained from Abadan meteorology station. Multivariate regression, thermal and humidity models were used to design the system. Results showed that fruits dropping, the lesser moth, spider mite, date bunch fading and Khamedje diseases damages reached to the maximum at thhe months of April, June, July, September and April coincide with the phenological stage of the Hababok, Kimri, Khark, turning Khark into Rotab and Hababok respectively. The damage of these factors started at temperature 21.4, 21, 26.7, 30.2, 21.4oc and relative humidity 14.7, 20, 14.7, 21.3 and 27.9 gradually increases to 40.9, 36, 50, 50 and 37.6°C respectively. Forecasting model of damage factors have been significant at level 1, 5, 5, 5 and 5 percent respectively. All of the forecasting models had coefficient higher than 0.7 and the detection error less than 25 percent. Among the meteorological indices, relative humidity and rainfall had the most influence on the variations in the severitis of damages. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Date palm, damage causing factors, weather stress | ||
مراجع | ||
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