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تبیین کارکرد رویکرد همبست در هیدروپلیتیک آب‌های فرامرزی | ||
| اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 7، شماره 3، مهر 1399، صفحه 757-773 اصل مقاله (806.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2020.301473.1319 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمیدرضا برجسته1؛ سیده زهرا قریشی2؛ حجت میان آبادی* 3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سیستم‌های آبی، سیستم جفتشدۀ طبیعی- انسانی است که تعاملاتِ غیرقابل پیشبینی، پویا و بازخوردهای متعدد با بخشهای مختلف از جمله غذا، انرژی و اقلیم دارد. شناخت تعاملاتِ بین بخشهای مختلف با منابع آب و همچنین، درک فرابخشی بودن حکمرانی آن، نیازمند اتخاذ رویکردی کلگرایانه است. رویکرد «همبست»، رویکردی نوین و کلگرایانه برای مواجهه با درهمتنیدگیهای آب-غذا-انرژی است. این رویکرد در مناسبات و تعاملات هیدروپلیتیکی آب‌های فرامرزی کارکرد بسیاری دارد، زیرا منابع مشترک مورد مناقشه را از کانون توجهات خارج میکند و میتواند دامنۀ وسیعتری برای همکاری به وجود آورد. همبست، نوعی رویکرد مناسب برای مواجهه با رقابتها و مناقشات آب‌های فرامرزی است، زیرا اتخاذ رویکرد همبست به منافعسازی بین کشورهای ساحلی میانجامد و به‌کارگیری آن فرصتی برای تولید کالا یا خدمات تخصصی در هر کشور و چانهزنی بیشتر خواهد بود. از این‌رو، تبیین کارکرد رویکرد همبست در حکمرانی و مناسبات آب‌های فرامرزی و سیاستگذاریهای مرتبط با حوزۀ نوین دیپلماسی آب ضروری است. بر این اساس، مقالۀ حاضر با ماهیت بنیادی- نظری و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی می‌کوشد کارکرد رویکرد همبست را در حکمرانی سیستم‌های آبی به طور عام و حکمرانی مناسبات آب‌های فرامرزی به طور خاص بررسی کند. همچنین، تفاوتهای کلیدی این رویکرد با رویکرد مدیریت یکپارچۀ منابع آب، با هدف برجستهسازی کاربرد متفاوت آن دو با یکدیگر مقایسه و ارائه میشوند. برای تبیین بهتر کارایی این رویکرد، کارکرد آن در دو حوضۀ آبریز براهماپوترا در جنوب آسیا و دریاچۀ آرال در آسیای مرکزی تحلیل میشود. در نهایت، نشان داده خواهد شد که چگونه استفاده از رویکرد همبست «آب-انرژی-محیط زیست» تعاملات پایداری برای دو کشور هند و بوتان در حوضۀ آبریز براهماپوترا ایجاد کرده است و چگونه عدم تبعیت از رویکرد همبست «آب-غذا-انرژی» برای کشورهای حوضۀ دریاچۀ آرال هزینههای اقتصادی و آسیبهای زیستمحیطی در پی داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آب‌های فرامرزی؛ دیپلماسی آب؛ مدیریت یکپارچۀ منابع آب؛ همبست آب-غذا-انرژی؛ هیدروپلیتیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Application of Nexus Approach in Hydropolitics of Transboundary Rivers | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamidreza Barjeste1؛ Seyedeh Zahra Ghoreishi2؛ Hojjat Mianabadi3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2M.Sc. Student, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Most of the water problems are complex, with unpredictable and dynamic interactions as well as multiple feedbacks with different sectors, like energy, food, and climate. A holistic approach is required for recognizing the interactions among different parts of water resources with other sources. "Nexus" as a novel and holistic approach can be applied to deal with the complexities of water-food-energy interactions. This approach is also so fruitful in transboundary water relations among riparian countries. Considering the interactions among water, food, energy sectors, and the direct effect of the allocation of water resources across borders can be a great potential for dealing with transboundary basin conflicts. It is necessary to apply nexus approach as an appropriate and comprehensive approach for the right policy-making and good governance in transboundary river basins. This paper, with its fundamental-theoretical and descriptive and analytical method, tries to examine the function of the WFE nexus approach in water governance in general and governance of transboundary water relations in particular. As case studies approach, the Brahmaputra and Aral basins are analyzed. Finally, it will be shown how the use of water, energy and the environment nexus approach has created sustainable interactions between India and Bhutan in the Brahmaputra basin and how non-compliance with the WFE nexus approach for Central Asian countries in the Aral basin has created economic costs and environmental damage. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Water-Food-Energy Nexus, Transboundary Water, Integrated Water Resources Management, Hydropolitics, Water Diplomacy | ||
| مراجع | ||
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