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اعمال قرنطینه برای کنترل بیماریهای واگیردار با نگاهی به نظام حقوقی ایران | ||
| فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| دوره 51، شماره 1، فروردین 1400، صفحه 171-190 اصل مقاله (531.09 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی-پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jplsq.2020.299978.2370 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا عامری* 1؛ سید احمد حبیب نژاد2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس فارابی، قم، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از قرنطینه برای کنترل بیماریهای همه‌گیر همیشه بحث‌برانگیز بوده است، زیرا چنین راهکاری چالش‌های سیاسی، اخلاقی، اقتصادی و حقوقی را مطرح می‌کند و مستلزم توازن دقیق بین منافع عمومی و حقوق فردی و بحث در خصوص گستره و مبانی دخالت دولت در حوزۀ بهداشت عمومی است. تعیین سنجه‌های دقیق به‌منظور کاربست این روش ضروری است. نظام‌های حقوقی کشورها در چارچوب قوانین اساسی و قوانین و مقررات عادی زمینۀ اعمال قرنطینه برای مقابله با شیوع بیماریهای واگیردار را فراهم ساخته است. در ایران هرچند قانونی خاص برای موضوع قرنطینه نداریم، ولی می‌توان از اصل 79 قانون اساسی برای مشروعیت‌سازی آن استفاده کرد. همچنین با توجه به ظهور بیماریهای نوپدید وضع قانونی معین در این زمینه لازم می‌نماید؛ قانونی جامع که متضمن موارد اعمال قرنطینه، نحوۀ اجرای آن، مقامات مسئول، حدود و ثغور، ضمانت نقض و نحوۀ جبران آثار حاصل از آن باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیماری واگیردار؛ حقوق و آزادی‌ها؛ سلامت عمومی؛ قرنطینه؛ وضعیت اضطراری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Quarantine for the Control of Communicable Diseases with a Look at the Iranian Legal System | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Ameri1؛ Seyed Ahmad Habibnezhad2 | ||
| 1Prof. Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran | ||
| 2Prof. Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran, Farabi Campus, Qom, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The use of quarantine to control communicable diseases has always been controversial because such strategy raises political, moral, economic and legal challenges and requires a precise balance between public interest and individual rights and discussion on the scope and foundations of government involvement in the field of public health. It is necessary to determine precise measurements in order to apply this method. The legal systems of the countries within the framework of the constitutions and the ordinary laws and regulations have provided the quarantine for the prevention of the communicable diseases. Although we do not have a specific law on quarantine in Iran, the principle 79 of the Constitution can be used to legitimize it. Also, given the emergence of emerging diseases, there is a need for a specific legal framework, including a comprehensive quarantine law which contains regulation about how to enforce it, how it will be implemented, the authorities in charge, the extent of the quarantine, guarantee of breach, and how to recover the effects thereof. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Communicable Disease, Rights and Freedoms, Public Health, Quarantine, Emergency Situation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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1. فارسی الف) کتاب‌ها 1. ادارۀ کل امور فرهنگی و روابط عمومی مجلس شورای اسلامی (1369)، صورت مشروح مذاکرات مجلس بررسی نهایی قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، ج 1، تهران. 2. موحد، محمدعلی (1381)، در هوای حق و عدالت، تهران: کارنامه. 3. همتی، پیمان؛ اکبری، حسین؛ مهبودی، محمدباقر؛ رضایی، فرشید؛ دادرس، محمدنصر (1396)، مقررات بهداشتی بین‌المللی 2005، تهران: تندیس.
ب) مقالات 4. عباسی، محمود؛ رضایی، راحله؛ دهقانی، غزاله (1393)، «مفهوم و جایگاه حق بر سلامت در نظام حقوقی ایران»، فصلنامۀ حقوق پزشکی، سال هشتم، ش 30، ص 199-183. 5. محبی، داود؛ کرمی، حامد (1395)، «ماهیت شناسی الگوهای پاسخ به وضعیت‌های اضطراری با تأکید بر قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران»، فصلنامۀ آفاق امنیت، سال هشتم، ش 32، ص 98-67.
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Ghorbannia, Nasser (2007), "Suspension of the implementation of human rights in emergency situations", Quarterly Journal of Jurisprudence and Law, No. 12, pp 37-62 (In Persian). 35. Habibnezhad, Seyed Ahmad (2016), "Conditions for Restricting Rights and Freedoms with Emphasis on Restriction in the Name of Public Order", Quarterly Journal of Comparative Law (Mofid Letter), No. 105,pp 53-78 (In Persian). 36. Habibnezhad, Seyed Ahmad and Zahra Saeed (2017), "The necessity of transition from obligation means to obligation to achieve a certain result in the interpretation of government obligations in the third principle of the Constitution", Islamic Law Quarterly, Volume 14, Number 53, pp 59-84 (In Persian). 37. Mohebbi, Davood and Hamed Karami (2016), "The Nature of Emergency Response Patterns with Emphasis on the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran", Afagh-e-amniyat Quarterly, Year 8, No. 32,pp 67-98 (In Persian).
C) WebSites 38. World Health Organization (2016), Guidance for managing ethical issues in infectious disease outbreaks,World Health Organization. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/250580 | ||
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