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ارزشیابی اثربخشی طرح ساماندهی کودکان خیابانی ایران | ||
مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران | ||
دوره 9، شماره 4، دی 1399، صفحه 827-854 اصل مقاله (846.82 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jisr.2020.257928.686 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
ملیحه عرشی1؛ محمد سبزی خوشنامی* 2؛ الهام محمدی3؛ مرضیه تکفلی2؛ فرانک ایمانی2 | ||
1عضو هیئتعلمی گروه مددکاری اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری مددکاری اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی | ||
3عضو هیئتعلمی گروه مددکاری اجتماعی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی | ||
چکیده | ||
پدیدة کودکان خیابانی یکی از آسیبهای اجتماعی جوامع مدرن و صنعتی است. در ایران، سازمان بهزیستی از سال 1384، متولی طرح ساماندهی کودکان خیابانی شده است. این مطالعه، میزان اثربخشی این طرح در نیل به اهدافش را بررسی کرده است. روش پژوهش حاضر پیمایشی از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعة آماری پژوهش نیز شامل کودکان خیابانی مراکز ساماندهی کودکان کار خیابانی بهزیستی استانهای منتخب (سراسر کشور) و والدین یا سرپرستان این کودکان است. ابزار پژوهش مصاحبه و پرسشنامة محققساخته براساس اهداف طرح بوده است. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد تغییر معنادار و مؤثری در وضعیت اشتغال به تحصیل کودکان ایجاد نشده است. بعد از مداخله در طرح، وضعیت کار کودک بهصورت معناداری کاهش یافته است؛ بهطوریکه حدود 23 درصد کودکان بعد از مداخله کار نمیکنند. با توجه به هدف بهبود سامانیابی کودکان خیابانی، حدود 15 درصد کودکان از سرپرستی والدین بیکفایت خود خارج شدهاند. دربارة وضعیت طرح در دستیابی به هدف بهبود ظرفیتهای خانواده، درمجموع تنها 20 درصد از خانوادههای این کودکان با توجه به معیارها توانمند شدند. با توجه به یافتههای این پژوهش میتوان عنوان کرد که طرح ساماندهی کودکان خیابانی با وجود اینکه در نیل به برخی اهداف موفق بوده است، توانمندسازی کودکان و خانوادهها در سطح قابلقبولی صورت نگرفته است و در دستیابی به مجموع اهداف خود نیاز به برنامهریزی تخصصیتر وجود دارد؛ بنابراین نیاز است با توجه به ارزشیابی طرح، تغییراتی در اهداف، تعاریف، نحوة عملکرد و خدمات تخصصی ایجاد شود. پیشنهاد میشود شاخصهای کمی و کیفی قابلسنجش برای اهداف طرح ساماندهی کودکان خیابانی تعریف و رویکردهای مداخلة مددکاری اجتماعی براساس دیدگاههای جدید تنظیم شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ارزشیابی؛ طرح ساماندهی؛ سازمان بهزیستی؛ کودک خیابانی؛ کودک کار | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Evaluating Effectiveness of Street Children Managing Plan of Iran | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Maliheh Arshi1؛ Mohammad Sabzi Khoshnami2؛ Elham Mohammadi3؛ Marzieh Takaffoli2؛ Farank Imani2 | ||
1Assistant professor, Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran | ||
2PhD student in Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Assistant professor, Department of Social Work, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Introduction: State Welfare Organization has been appointed as responsible for managing street children since 2005 and delivering services to these children and their families through national Street Children Managing Plan. The Plan has four service delivery levels and the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of short term residential centers (second level centers) in achieving its goals. These centers have the facilities to reside street children up to 21 days and to deliver medical, nutrition, financial, social work, psychological, legal and job training services to street children and their families. Method: This research is a descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population of the study is all street children registered in short term residential centers and their parents/caretakers in four provinces selected by State Welfare Organization (Tehran, Kordestan, Semnan, and Sistan & Baluchestan). Data were collected by two researcher-made questionnaires for children and families. The total sample size was 279 but finally 124 cases of the children and 98 cases of caregivers filled questionnaires and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. According to the main objectives of evaluation, the self-report questionnaire of children consisted of six parts: education, child safety and abuse; working situation; caregiving and guardianship; quality of life; and professional empowerment. The self-report questionnaire of families also consisted of job services, financial empowerment and social rehabilitation. Face validity of both the questionnaires were confirmed by 10 experts in social science and social work fields. Results and discussion: According to the findings, 96.42% of participated children were boys and 83.87 of them were Iranian. There wasn’t any meaningful difference in the status of children education after the program implementation. The status of children working hours was changed meaningfully as 23% of them didn’t work anymore. Given the status of caregiving and guardianship, about 15% of the children were not under the guardianship of their incompetent parents anymore and instead grandparents and relatives have more share of the caregiving. There was a meaningful difference in the status of basic needs of children (physical, health, shelter, love and nurturing) but the difference wasn’t meaningful in need of leisure. According to the goal of improving the family capacities, only 20% of the families were empowered due to the scales. Conclusion: Overall, the Plan had a significant effect on working status and hours, guardianship, meeting basic needs and improving the quality of life of working children, but did not have a significant outcome on their education and secondary needs. Also children and their families believed that the services aiming empowerment weren’t enough and effective and only the financial supports could increase the working status and hours of the children and improve their education in some cases. Regarding the objective of improving education status of street children, it could be discussed that empowerment services and social rehabilitation of the families weren’t comprehensive and evidence-based and were limited to financial support. Also statelessness and having no identity cards weren’t addressed in the plan as the main obstacle of formal education. Improving the family capacities was among the main objectives of the plan, but the result of gaining this goal was not promising. According to the findings of this study, it can be stated that the national Street Children Managing Plan was not successful in achieving its goals, and the empowerment of children and families did not reached to an anticipated level. So, it is necessary for State Welfare Organization to expand evaluating programs to other aspect of the plan and also other collaborating organizations and NGOs should be involved to realize the comprehensive and universal picture of implementing national Street Children Managing Plan. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Street Children, Child labor, State Welfare Organization, Iran, Evaluation | ||
مراجع | ||
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