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مقایسه برخی روشهای اندازهگیری توزیع اندازه ذرات اولیه خاک و ارائه زمانهای مناسب برای روش چهار قرائت تعیین بافت خاک | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 51، شماره 12، اسفند 1399، صفحه 2999-3015 اصل مقاله (2.48 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.310061.668738 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مرتضی یاوری1؛ محمدحسین محمدی* 2؛ کریم شهبازی3 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
2دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
3دانشیارپژوهش موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزی، ﮐﺮج، اﯾﺮان | ||
چکیده | ||
برای تعیین توزیع اندازه ذرات اولیه (PSD) در آزمایشگاههای خاکشناسی ایران، از روشهای مختلفی استفاده میشود که این امر در بسیاری از شرایط امکان مقایسه نتایج و نیز دقت آنها را دشوار میکند. پژوهش حاضر برای رسیدن به یک راهکار مشخص که در عین سادگی و ارزان بودن، دقت قابل قبولی نیز داشته باشد، انجام شد. ابتدا با توجه به برخی ویژگیهای خاک از جمله درصد مواد سیمانکننده، 112 نمونه خاک از 16 استان مختلف کشور از کاربریها و اقلیمهای مختلف تهیه شد. PSD خاک با روش هیدرومتر با و بدون حذف مواد سیمانکننده اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد، روش رایج قرائت40 ثانیه و 2 ساعت (Bouyoucos, 1962)، بخش رس را با میانگین خطای مطلق (g/g100) 5/9 درصد نسبت به روش قرائت کامل اندازهگیری میکند و در 5/40 درصد از خاکهای مورد بررسی بیش از 10 درصد و در 2/94 درصد از خاکها بیش از 5 درصد بیشتر از مقدار واقعی اندازهگیری میکند و با ریزبافت شدن خاک میزان انحراف این روش از مقدار واقعی، افزایش مییابد. برای رفع مشکل، دو روش چهار قرائتی با طبقهبندی انجمن بینالمللی علوم خاک (ISSS) شامل: الف) قرائت 2 و 10 دقیقه (برای تعیین مرز شن و سیلت) و 6 و 8 ساعت (برای تعیین مقدار رس) و ب) قرائت 2 و 10 دقیقه (برای تعیین مرز شن و سیلت) و 6 و 24 ساعت (برای تعیین مقدار رس)، پیشنهاد شد. روش پیشنهادی قرائت 2 و 10 دقیقه و 6 و 8 ساعت و روش پیشنهادی قرائت 2 و 10 دقیقه و 6 و 24 ساعت بهترتیب در 1/97 و 2/94 درصد خاکها، کلاس بافت را به درستی نشان میدهد و به ترتیب در بیش از 90 و 81 درصد موارد، خطای آنها در تعیین مقدار رس خاک کمتر از 1± درصد میباشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
توزیع اندازه ذرات؛ بافت خاک؛ چگالی سنجی؛ هیدرومتر | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Comparison of Some Methods for Measuring Primary Soil Particle Size Distribution and Introducing Appropriate Times for the Four-Reading Method for Determining Soil Texture | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mortaza Yavari1؛ Mohammad Hosein Mohammadi2؛ Karim Shahbazi,3 | ||
1M.Sc. Student, Dep. of Soil Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
2Associate Professor Dep. of Soil Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
3Research Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Different methods are used for determination of the primary particle size distribution (PSD) in Iranian soils laboratories, which in many situations makes it difficult to compare results and their precision. This research was conducted to achieve an easy and inexpensive strategy with acceptable accuracy. First, 112 soil samples from 16 different provinces of Iran with a wide range of soils were taken from different climates and land uses. Soil PSD was measured by hydrometer with and without cement removal. The results showed that the common reading method of 40 seconds and 2 hours (Bouyoucos, 1962) measures the clay fraction with an average absolute error of 9.5% as compared to the complete record method. This error was more than 10% in 40.5% of the proposed soils and more than 5% in 94.2% of the soils. The deviation of this method from the actual value is increased as the soil becomes finer. Two four-reading methods with the classification of International Soil Science Association (ISSS) including: a) 2 and 10 minute readings (to measure silt fraction) and 6 and 8 hours (to measure clay fraction), and b) readings of 2 and 10 minutes (to measure silt fraction) and 6 and 24 hours (to measure clay fraction) were suggested to determine the soil texture. The two later methods show the soil texture correctly in 97.1 and 94.2% of the soils, respectively. The error of these two methods for determination of clay fraction is less than % in more than 90 and 81% of the proposed soils, respectively. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Particle size Distribution, Soil Texture, Densitometry, Hydrometer Method | ||
مراجع | ||
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