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تاثیرکیفیت نهادی و محیط اقتصادی بر نرخ کارآفرینی: شواهدی از داده های پانل | ||
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی | ||
دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 50، اسفند 1399، صفحه 621-640 اصل مقاله (289.4 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی - کمی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jed.2020.286212.653342 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محسن محمدی خیاره* ؛ امینه زیوری | ||
گروه علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
از جمله عوامل مؤثر بر سطح فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه، عملکرد محیط اقتصاد کلان و بهبود کیفیت نهادی است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی رابطه بین کیفیت نهادی، محیط اقتصاد کلان و فعالیتهای کارآفرینی در کشورهای منتخب درحال توسعه و توسعهیافته، در دوره زمانی 2018-2010 است. برای سنجش سطح فعالیت کارآفرینی از سه شاخص نرخ فعالیت کارآفرینی نوپا، نرخ کارآفرینی نوظهور، و نرخ کارآفرینی جدید و برای سنجش کیفیت نهادها از شاخص رقابتپذیری، آزادی اقتصادی و کیفیت حکمرانی استفاده شده است. روش پژوهش برحسب هدف، کاربردی و برحسب گردآوری اطلاعات، توصیفی-همبستگی است. دادههای پژوهش از دیدهبان جهانی کارآفرینی (GEM) و نماگرهای توسعه جهانی (WDI)، استخراج و از طریق رویکرد تخمینزننده گشتاورهای تعمیمیافته (GMM) با استفاده از نرمافزار STATA 14 تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که تأثیر شاخصهای در نظرگرفته شده (رشد تولید سرانه، بیکاری، تورم، نرخ مالیات، سرمایهگذاری مستقیم خارجی، دسترسی به تامین مالی، رقابتپذیری، شاخص آزادی اقتصادی و شاخص حکمرانی) برحسب نوع فعالیت کارآفرینی و میزان توسعهیافتگی کشورها متفاوت است. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که آزادی اقتصادی بیشتر با همه انواع کارآفرینی در کشورهای توسعهیافته ارتباط مثبتی دارد. علاوهبراین،کیفیت حکمرانی و رقابتپذیری اقتصادی کشورها ارتباط معکوسی با فعالیت کارآفرینی در کشورهای توسعهیافته و ارتباط مثبت با کشورهای درحال توسعه است. یافتههای مطالعه حاضر، میتواند مورد توجه سیاستگذاران در توسعه سیاستهای مؤثر بر افزایش فعالیت کارآفرینی در کشورهای مختلف باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آزادی اقتصادی؛ رقابت پذیری؛ کارآفرینی؛ کیفیت حکمرانی؛ کیفیت نهادی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The Impact of Institutional Quality and Economic Environment on Entrepreneurship Rate: Evidence from panel data | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh؛ Amineh Zivari | ||
Department of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Gonbad-e-Kavous University, Gonbad-e-Kavous, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Factors affecting the level of entrepreneurship include the proper functioning of the macroeconomic environment and the improvement of institutional quality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between institutional quality, the macroeconomic environment and entrepreneurial activities in selected developing and developed countries in the period 2018-2010. To measure the level of entrepreneurial activity, three indicators were used for the total early stage entrepreneurship rate, the rate of emerging entrepreneurship and the rate of new entrepreneurship, and to measure the quality of institutions, competitiveness, economic freedom and the quality index for corporate governance. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of data collection. Research data was extracted from the Global Entrepreneurship Observatory (GEM) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) and analyzed using the Generalized Torque (GMM) estimate using the STATA 14 software. The results show that the impact of the intended indicators (per capita output growth, unemployment, inflation, tax rate, and foreign direct investment, access to finance, competitiveness, index of economic freedom and governance index) depends on the type of business and the level of Development of the countries. The results also showed that economic freedom is more positively associated with all types of entrepreneurship in industrialized countries. In addition, the quality of governance and the economic competitiveness of countries are inversely related to entrepreneurship in industrialized countries and positive relationships with developing countries. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Competitiveness, Economic Freedom, Entrepreneurship, Governance Quality, Institutional Quality | ||
مراجع | ||
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