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تاثیر سطوح مختلف بیوچار ضایعات برداشت پسته بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و بهره‌وری آب ذرت | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 52، شماره 1، فروردین 1400، صفحه 227-236 اصل مقاله (1.11 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.312593.668779 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه میری1؛ جواد زمانی بابگهری* 2؛ محسن زارع بنادکودکی3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه جیرفت، کرمان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشگاه جیرفت، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک | ||
| 3استادیار بخش فیزیک خاک، دانشگاه بایروت، آلمان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از بیوچار در خاک با اهداف مدیریت بازیافت پسماندهای آلی و نیز بهبود وضعیت خاک، در سال‌های اخیر، مورد توجه جدی محققین قرار گرفته است، اما لازم است قبل از استفاده از بیوچار در خاک، تاثیرات آن بر ویژگی‌های خاک و نیز گیاه مدنظر قرار گیرد. به همین منظور، مطالعه‌ای با هدف بررسی تاثیر 5 سطح کاربرد بیوچار تولید شده از ضایعات برداشت پسته (صفر، 1، 2، 3 و 5 درصد وزنی) بر رشد گیاه ذرت در دو خاک با بافت لوم سیلتی و شنی، در سال 1397 به‌صورت گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تاثیر کاربرد بیوچار، بسته به نوع خاک متفاوت است. کاربرد بیوچار بر ویژگی‌های رشدی گیاه ذرت در خاک شنی تاثیر منفی و معنی‌داری داشت و وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی این گیاه در اثر کاربرد سطوح 2 و 3 درصد بیوچار بیش از 90 درصد کاهش یافت و در سطح 5 درصد، رشد گیاه تقریباً متوقف شد؛ به تبع آن، بهروه‌وری آب نیز در این خاک با کاربرد بیوچار به شدت کاهش یافت. به دلیل کم بودن ظرفیت نگهداشت آب در خاک‌های شنی، شوری این خاک تحت تاثیر کاربرد بیوچار افزایش زیادی داشت که این موضوع موجب کاهش عملکرد گیاه شده بود. در مقابل، شوری خاک لومِ سیلتی چندان تحت تاثیر کاربرد بیوچار قرار نگرفت و تنها کاربرد 5 درصد از بیوچار، افزایش معنی‌دارِ شوری را در پی داشت، بنابراین در خاک لوم سیلتی تاثیر کاربرد بیوچار هرچند بر وزن ریشه، طول گیاه و شاخص کلروفیل برگ (SPAD) در مقایسه با شاهد معنی‌دار نبود، اما وزن خشک اندام هوایی و بهروه‌وری آب در این خاک با کاربرد بیوچار تا سطح 2 درصد روندی افزایشی داشت. بنابراین می‌توان گفت، کاربرد بیوچار مورد مطالعه در خاک، به ویژه در خاک‌های درشت‌بافت باید با حساسیت بیشتری انجام شود و حد مفید کاربرد هر بیوچار در یک خاک باید با مطالعه اولیه آن تعیین شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اصلاح خاک؛ پسماندهای آلی؛ کلروفیل برگ؛ مدیریت ضایعات کشاورزی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Different Levels of Pistachio Harvesting Wastes Biochar on Growth and Water Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Miri1؛ Javad Zamani2؛ Mohsen Zarebanadkouki3 | ||
| 1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Soil Science, Agricultural College, University of Jiroft | ||
| 3Assistant professor at the Chair of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Germany. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The application of biochar in the soil in order to improve soil quality and also waste management, has received considerable interest in recent years. Success of such management requires expert knowledge about the impact of a given biochar on soil and plant properties, before its field application. For this purpose, the effect of five different levels of biochar (0, 1, 2, 3 and 5% w/w), produced from residual of pistachio, on growth and water productivity of maize plants in a sandy and a silt loam soil was investigated. The study was performed in 2018 as a greenhouse experiment with a completely randomized design. The results showed that the effect of biochar on plant growth is strongly soil dependent. The biochar application had a negative effect on the growth of maize in the sandy soil. Root and shoot dry biomass as well water productivity were reduced more than 90% by application of 2 and 3% of biochar as compared to the control (0%), and the plant growth was hindered by further increase of biochar (at 5%). Consequently, water productivity was also reduced significantly. This negative effect of biochar application in sandy soil was attributed to an induced salinity as a result of biochar application and the low water holding capacity of the soil. In contrast, the effect of biochar on salinity of silty loam soil was not remarkable and only at application rate of 5%, it was increased significantly as compared to the control. Although the application of biochar in silty loam soil did not show a significant effect on root biomass, plant height, and chlorophyl index but shoot biomass and water productivity were increased till the application rate of 2% compared to the control. In conclusion, the results showed that i) one should be cautious with application of biochar (originated from pistachio residual) in coarse-textured soils, ii) and also the efficient application rate of each biochar should be determined in each soil before its application. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agricultural waste management, Leaf Chlorophyll, Organic wastes, Soil amendment | ||
| مراجع | ||
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