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تحلیل ماتریس همبست تعاملات آبهای فرامرزی در حوضه آبریز هیرمند | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 52، شماره 1، فروردین 1400، صفحه 273-300 اصل مقاله (931.44 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.305456.668661 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سیده زهرا قریشی1؛ حجت میان آبادی* 2؛ عاطفه پرورش ریزی3 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران | ||
2استادیار، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
3دانشیار، گروه سازههای آبی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
این مقاله با اتخاذ روش تاریخی-توصیفی-تحلیلی، استناد به منابع کتابخانهای و استفاده از «ماتریس همبست تعاملات آبهای فرامرزی» به تصویرسازیِ روند تعاملات آبی ایران و افغانستان بر سر رودخانه هیرمند پرداخته است و نشان داده است که تسهیم آب در حوضه هیرمند علاوه بر شرایط اقلیمی و ویژگیهای حوضه آبریز به شدت از مراودات سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی دو کشور نیز اثرپذیر است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهند مسأله تسهیم آب هیرمند در اکثر بازههای مراوداتی دو کشور، در سطح مناسبات سیاسی قرار داشته است. اما طی بازه 1390 تا 1399 این مناسبات فرصتسازی شده است. در حقیقت وجود معاهده هیرمند که در آن نیاز زیستمحیطی هامونها مسکوت مانده است در کنار کمکهای بینالمللی در این بازه سدسازیهای افغانستان را تشدید نموده است و جلب سرمایهگذاری خارجی را برای این کشور به همراه داشته است. از اینرو، چانهزنی بر سر مسائل صرفاً فنی نمیتواند وضعیت تسهیم آب در این حوضه را در شرایط مطلوبی قرار دهد؛ بلکه نیاز است دو کشور با تمسک به فرصتهای همکاری در زمینههای اقتصادی، فرهنگی و امنیتی، به برجستهسازی وابستگیهای متقابلِ اقتصادی و اجتماعی به یکدیگر بپردازند تا تعاملی بر حسب منافعِ پایدار برای طرفین ایجاد شود؛ که در نهایت ارزش و باوری مشترک برای ایجاد هنجارِ مشترک میان ایران و افغانستان در بهرهبرداری از منابع آب هیرمند شکلگیرد. این مهم اهمیتِ سیاسیزدایی از مسأله آب را نمایان میسازد تا از اصطکاکهای سیاسی در مواجهه با مسائل آبی جلوگیری شود. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد در تمام ادوار با حکمیت کشورهای ثالث، وضعیت تسهیم آب هیرمند بدتر شده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تاریخ آب؛ سیاسیزدایی؛ هیدروپلیتیک؛ مأموریت هیدرولیکی؛ پروژه دره هلمند | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The TWINS Framework for Illustrating Co-Existing Conflict and Cooperation in the Hirmand River Basin | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Seyedeh zahra Ghoreishi1؛ Hojjat Mianabadi2؛ Atefeh Parvaresh Rizi3 | ||
1M.Sc. Student, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran. | ||
2Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University | ||
3Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
This study applied the "Transboundary Waters Interaction Nexus (TWINs)" framework to the Hirmand/Helmand River hydropolitical interactions to figure out what can be learned by policy and decision makers by studying the past experiences about transforming conflicts and current ambitions. Analyzing coexisting conflict and cooperation in the Hirmand River by TWINs framework shows that from 1870 until 2020, in most periods, the Hirmand water conflicts have been politicized. But due to the westernization tendency and anti-Iranian sentiment procedure in Afghanistan during 2010-2020, water conflict has been increased and is opportunitized. As a matter of fact, the existence of a bad treaty over shared water, in addition to the international funds and supports from constructing dams in Afghanistan has been given the upper hand to Afghanistan in current negotiations over the Hirmand River Basin. The result of the TWINs framework and past experiences shows that bargaining purely over technical issues in the Hirmand River Basin cannot put water allocation in this basin in a peaceful situation. Therefore, the riparian states should rely on the interdependencies in social-economic, cultural, and security fields in order to create a sustainable and equitable relationship, which ultimately can create common values and norms in riparians’ water interactions. In other words, Iran and Afghanistan's water conflict needs outside the water box's solutions. This also highlights the importance of the depoliticization of Hirmand water interactions for preventing political frictions in hydropolitical relationships. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Water History, Depoliticization, Hydropolitics, Hydrulic Mission, Helmand Valley Project | ||
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