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مدیریت علف های هرز در مرحله گیاهچه ای با تأکید بر پوشش دار کردن بذر برنج در نظام کشت مستقیم | ||
به زراعی کشاورزی | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 24، شماره 3، مهر 1401، صفحه 727-744 اصل مقاله (587.87 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jci.2021.313427.2474 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مهدی اسمعیل تبار1؛ فایزه زعفریان2؛ شهرام نظری3؛ رحمت عباسی4 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
2دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
3استادیار پژوهش، بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران. | ||
4استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
بهمنظور بررسی اثر مدیریتهای مختلف کنترل علف هرز بر خصوصیات سبزشدن و رشد مورفولوژیک گیاهچه برنج در مرحله گیاهچهای در سیستم زراعی کشت مستقیم، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1399 در مزرعهای واقع در شهرستان بابلسر (بهنمیر) انجام شد. آزمایش بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل ارقام شیرودی، خزر و هاشمی و مدیریتهای مختلف کنترل علفهای هرز در پنج سطح شامل پوششدارکردن بذر با کلریدکلسیم، پوششدارکردن بذر با کلریدپتاسیم، وجین، کنترل شیمیایی و شاهد بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل مدیریت علفهای هرز و رقم نشان داد که پوششدارکردن بذر با کلریدکلسیم، کلریدپتاسیم و وجین بهترتیب 55، 68 و 85 درصد در رقم شیرودی، 79، 63 و 54 درصد در رقم خزر و همچنین 30، 58 و 35 درصد در رقم هاشمی توانست وزن خشک علفهای هرز باریکبرگ را نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش دادند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین درصد سبزشدن با 99، 98 و 95 درصد بهترتیب تحت تیمارهای پوششدارکردن کلریدپتاسیم و کلریدکلسیم و وجین در رقم شیرودی بهدست آمد. بیشترین سرعت سبزشدن نیز در تیمارهای پوششدارکردن بذر کلریدپتاسیم و کلسیم و وجین مشاهده شد. کمترین تراکم علف هرز پهنبرگ با 91/0 بوته در مترمربع در رقم شیرودی و با مدیریت پوششدارکردن بذر این رقم با کلریدکلسیم بهدست آمد. بالاترین شاخص طولی و وزنی بنیه گیاهچه بهترتیب با 3559 و 137 در رقم شیرودی و تحت مدیریت وجین علفهای هرز بهدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد پوششدارکردن بذر موجب بهبود کارکرد بذر ارقام برنج میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
درصد سبز شدن؛ سرعت سبز شدن؛ کلرید کلسیم؛ وجین؛ وزن خشک علف هرز | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Weed Management in Seedling Stage with an Emphasis on Rice Seeds Coating in Direct Seeding System | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mehdi Esmaeiltabar1؛ Faezeh Zaefarian2؛ Shahram Nazari3؛ Rahmat Abbasi4 | ||
1M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. | ||
2Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. | ||
3Research Assistant Professor, Department of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. | ||
4Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
In order to investigate the effect of different weed control managements on emergence characteristics and morphological growth of rice seedlings in the seedling stage in a direct seeding system, a field experiment has been conducted in the 2020 growing season, Babolsar, Bahnemir, Iran. Being a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications, the experiment employs the following treatments: Shiroudi, Khazar, and Hashemi cultivars as well as various weed control management in five levels of seed coating with calcium chloride, seed coating with potassium chloride, weeding, chemical control, and control. The interaction effect of weed management and cultivar shows that coating the seeds with calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and weeding cuts the dry weight of grasses by 55%, 68%, and 85% in Shiroudi cultivar, by 79%, 63%, and 54% in Khazar cultivar, and 30%, 58%, and 35% in Hashemi cultivar, respectively, compared to the control. The maximum percentage of germination with 99%, 97%, and 95% belong to seed coating with potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and weeding in Shiroudi cultivar, respectively. The highest germination rate could be observed in potassium and calcium chloride seed coating treatments and weeding. The lowest density of broadleaf weeds with 0.91 plants m-2 is obtained in Shiroudi cultivar and by managing the seeds coating of this cultivar with calcium chloride. The highest seedling length and weight vigor indices are obtained with 3559 and 137 in Shiroudi cultivar under weeding management, respectively. Results show that seed coating improves the seed yield of rice cultivars. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Calcium chloride, Emergence percentage, Emergence rate, Weed dry weight, Weeding | ||
مراجع | ||
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