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بررسی میزان آبشویی نیترات از خاک با کاربرد بیوچار باگاس نیشکر و کود کندرها | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 52، شماره 8، آبان 1400، صفحه 2227-2236 اصل مقاله (1.33 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2021.324437.668984 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یاشار شهبازی1؛ سید مجید میرلطیفی** 1؛ علیرضا حسن اقلی2 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2عضو هیئت علمی (دانشیار) مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی؛ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از آلایندههایی که به طور عمده از فعالیت‌های کشاورزی ناشی میشود، نیترات است که به آبهای زیرزمینی و سطحی انتقال یافته و سلامت انسانها را تهدید میکند. از منابع ورود نیترات به خاک، کودهای شیمیایی است که در بخش کشاورزی در مقادیر بالا مصرف میشوند. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تاثیر افزودن مقادیر مختلف بیوچار حاصل از باگاس نیشکر، در کنار کاربرد کود کندرها ( اوره با پوشش گوگردی)، بر میزان آبشویی نیترات از نیمرخ خاک میباشد. بدین منظور در آزمایشی با کشت گیاه گوجهفرنگی، چهار سطح تیمار بیوچار شامل صفر درصد وزنی بیوچار (0B)، یک درصد وزنی (1B)، دو درصد وزنی (2B) و سه درصد وزنی (3B) در خاک سطحی و دو نوع کود اوره معمولی و کود اوره با پوشش گوگردی (SCU) لحاظ شد که در مجموع 8 تیمار را شامل بود که در سه تکرار اجرا شد. کشت محصول در ستونهای خاک زهکش‌دار و به روش آبیاری غرقابی انجام گرفت. میزان نیتروژن نیتراتی (N-NO3) خروجی طی دوره رشد گیاه در 5 مرحله اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش درصد وزنی بیوچار خاک سطحی، میزان آبشویی نیترات از ستونهای خاک در ترکیب سطوح بیوچار 1B، 2B و 3B با کاربرد کود اوره معمولی به ترتیب 2/6، 1/10 و 3/18 درصد، و در کاربرد کود SCU به ترتیب 6/8، 7/22 و 14/24 درصد نسبت به تیمارهای بدون بیوچار کاهش یافت. بیشترین میزان آبشویی نیترات در خاک بدون بیوچار با کاربرد کود اوره معمولی و به میزان متوسط 2307 میلیگرم، و کمترین مقدار آن در کاربرد بیوچار سه درصد وزنی به همراه کود SCU به مقدار 1659 میلیگرم، اتفاق افتاد. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش، کاربرد بیوچار حاصل از باگاس نیشکر باعث کاهش آبشویی نیترات از نیمرخ خاک شد که در صورت استفاده از کود SCU به جای کود اوره معمولی، این اثر کاهشی معنیدار میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبشویی نیترات؛ اوره با پوشش گوگردی؛ بیوچار؛ باگاس نیشکر؛ کود کندرها | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of Nitrate Leaching from the Soil with the Application of Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar and Slow-release Fertilizer | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| yashar shahbazi1؛ Seyed Majid Mirlatifi1؛ Alireza Hassanoghli2 | ||
| 1Department of Water Management and Engineering, Collage of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Scientific Staff Member (Associate Professor), Agricultural Engineering Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Nitrate is one of pollutants which is mainly caused by agricultural activities which contaminates groundwater and surface water and threatens human health. Chemical fertilizers which are used in large quantities in agriculture are one of the sources of nitrate in the soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the application of different levels of sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB) and slow-release fertilizer (sulfur-coated urea) on nitrate leaching through a soil profile. A greenhouse experiment with tomato crop grown on a soil mixed with four concentration levels of SBB treatments, including zero percent of soil weight (0B), one percent of soil weight (1B), two percent of soil weight (2B), and three percent of soil weight (3B) and two types of nitrogen fertilizer including conventional urea (CU) and sulfur-coated urea (SCU) fertilizers was performed with three replications. The crop was grown in drained lysimeters and irrigated by surface method. The amount of nitrate was monitored at 5 different times during the tomato growing season. The results showed that nitrate leaching from the lysimeters decreased as the percentage of biochar levels increased. Leaching nitrogen from treatments with biochar levels of 1B, 2B and 3B and with the application of CU fertilizer were 6.2%, 10.1% and 18.3%, respectively and with the application of SCU fertilizer were 8.6%, 22.7% and 24.14%, respectively, less than that of the zero level biochar treatments. The highest and lowest levels of nitrate leaching occurred from lysimeters filled with soil without biochar (0B) and with the application of CU (2307 mg), and from treatment 3B with the application of SCU (1659 mg), respectively. According to the results obtained, application of SBB reduced nitrate leaching from the soil profile and as a result of using SCU fertilizer instead of CU fertilizer, this reduction effect was significant. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biochar, Nitrate leaching, Sulfur coated urea, Slow-release fertilizer, Sugarcane bagasse | ||
| مراجع | ||
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