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اثربخشی ابزارهای مختلف مصاحبه با شاهد عینی صحنۀ جرم در تحکیم حافظه برای دسترسیهای بلندمدت | ||
فصلنامه پژوهشهای کاربردی روانشناختی | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 4، اسفند 1400، صفحه 23-46 اصل مقاله (598.23 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/japr.2022.319720.643773 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
احمد شاهواروقی1؛ هادی بهرامی احسان* 2؛ جواد حاتمی3؛ محمدعلی شاهواروقی4؛ آرش منجم1؛ روی ام. پائولو5 | ||
1کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
2استاد گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
3دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
4کارشناسی ارشد حقوق جزا و جرمشناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
5استادیار روانشناسی قانونی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه باث اسپا، باث، انگلستان | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی مصاحبههای مختلف در تحکیم حافظۀ شاهد عینی است. این مطالعۀ کاربردی با روش آزمایشی (پسآزمون با گروه کنترل) انجام گرفت. جامعۀ پژوهش شامل دانشجویان کارشناسی دانشکدۀ روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه تهران در سال تحصیلی 1399-1398 است که از میان آنها 80 نفر (21 مرد و 59 زن) به روش تصادفی خوشهای انتخاب و به چهار گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند. شرکتکنندگان ابتدا ویدیویی درمورد سرقت از بانک مشاهده کردند و در جلسۀ دوم، با استفاده از پروتکلهای مختلف با آنها مصاحبه صورت گرفت (گروه کنترل بدون مصاحبه ماندند). در جلسۀ سوم، برای تمامی شرکتکنندگان یک تکلیف یادآوری آزاد برگزار شد. دادهها با روش تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره در نرمافزار SPSS-23 بررسی شد. طبق یافتهها، بین دو گروه شناختی و خودگردان در هیچ یک از جلسات یادآوری تفاوت معناداری دیده نمیشود. همچنین گروه ساختاریافته در جلسۀ نخست، اطلاعات درست کمتری از دو گروه شناختی و خودگردان به یاد آوردند، اما در جلسۀ دوم، این تفاوت فقط با گروه شناختی برقرار بود. یافتهها نشان میدهد اجرای یادآوری اولیه با استفاده از تکنیکهای حافظه میتواند به تحکیم حافظۀ شاهد عینی و یادآوری جزئیات بیشتر در مصاحبههای تأخیری کمک کند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تحکیم حافظه؛ شاهد عینی؛ مصاحبۀ خودگردان؛ مصاحبۀ شناختی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The Effectiveness of Different Eyewitness Interview Tools in Memory Consolidation for Long-term Access | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Ahmad Shahvaroughi1؛ Hadi Bahrami Ehsan2؛ Javad Hatami3؛ Mohammad ali Shahvaroughi4؛ Arash Monajem1؛ Rui M. Paulo5 | ||
1Department of Psychology, Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Department of Psychology, Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Department of Psychology, Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
4Department of Criminology and Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
5School of sciences, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
This study examines the effectiveness of different interviewing tools in consolidating eyewitness memory. This applied research used the post-test with control group design. The population includes all undergraduate students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science of the University of Tehran, studying in the academic year 2019-20. Eighty participants (21 males and 59 females) were selected using cluster sampling and divided into four groups of equal size. First, participants watched a video recording showing a bank robbery. In the second session, they were interviewed using an eyewitness interview tool (no interview session for the control group). In the last session, all participants were examined using a free recall task. Data were analyzed using MANOVA in SPSS-23 software. The results indicated no significant differences between the CI and the self-administered interview groups (SAI) in either the interview session or the delayed recall task. Participants in the structured interview group recalled significantly fewer details in the first interview session than did the CI and SAI groups. However, this significant difference was only found between the CI and SI groups in the delayed recall session. Thus, the results suggest that early recall can help consolidate witnesses' memory and help them recall more information in later recall attempts. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Memory Consolidation, Eyewitness, Self-Administered Interview, Cognitive Interview | ||
مراجع | ||
ساداتیان، س. ج. (1380). خواب و بیدار (سریال تلویزیونی). تهران: موسسۀ ناجی هنر.
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