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تأثیر تراکم کاشت در افزایش قدرت رقابتی ارقام نخود (.Cicer arietinum L) در مقابل علف های هرز | ||
| به زراعی کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 24، شماره 3، مهر 1401، صفحه 841-853 اصل مقاله (780.15 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jci.2022.327605.2586 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه قاسمی1؛ وریا ویسانی2؛ مرجان دیانت* 2؛ محمود مرادی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سنندج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از تراکم و ارقامی که قدرت رقابتپذیری بالایی دارند از راههای مؤثر در کنترل علفهای هرز در سیستم مدیریت تلفیقی است. به‌منظور بررسی امکان افزایش قدرت رقابتی برخی از ارقام نخود دیم در مقابل علفهای هرز با استفاده از تراکم کشت آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، ایستگاه گریزه سنندج در سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول تراکم نخود در سه سطح 30، 36 و 42 بوته در مترمربع به‌عنوان کرت اصلی، ارقام نخود در هفت سطح شامل آزاد، جم، محلی، هاشم، ILC482، پیروز و کاکا و عملیات مدیریتی در دو سطح وجین کامل در تمام فصل رشد و عدم وجین به‌عنوان فاکتورهای فرعی بودند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده وجین علف هرز باعث افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته به میزان 63/35 درصد شد. در عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود بین ارقام موردبررسی تفاوت معنیدار وجود داشت. ارقام ILC482 و کاکا به‌ترتیب از بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین تعداد شاخه اصلی به میزان 82/3 و 58/2 برخوردار بودند. بیش‌ترین تعداد شاخه فرعی در تراکم 30 بوته در مترمربع به‌دست آمد. بیش‌ترین تعداد غلاف در بوته به میزان 12/14 و 41/13 در ارقام پیروز و جم و کم‌ترین تعداد غلاف در بوته به مقدار 98/7 در رقم هاشم مشاهده شد. حداکثر عملکرد دانه، شاخص تحمل رقابت و کم‌ترین تراکم علف هرز را رقم جم دارا بود. در همه ارقام موردبررسی با افزایش تراکم بوته تعداد دانه در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه و شاخص تحمل رقابت افزایش نشان داد و بیش‌ترین مقدار آنها در تراکم 42 بوته در مترمربع به‌دست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تراکم بوته؛ رقم؛ شاخص تحمل رقابت؛ علف هرز؛ نخود؛ وجین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Planting Density on Increasing the Competitive Ability of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars against Weeds | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Ghasemi1؛ Weria Weisany2؛ Marjan Diyanat2؛ Mahmood Moradi3 | ||
| 1M. Sc. Student, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sanandaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The use of densitiy and cultivars that have high competitiveness are effective ways to control weeds in the integrated management system. The present study aims at increasing competitive ability of some dryland chickpea cultivars against weeds under different plant densities. Therefore, an experiment has been conducted as a split factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in the research farms of the Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Garizeh Agricultural Research Station, Sanandaj, Iran, during the 2020-2021 growing seasons. Experimental treatments include different plant density (30, 36, and 42 plants.m-2) as main plot, seven cultivars (Azad, Jam, Hashem, ILC482, Pirooz, Kaka, and a local variety), and weed management (no weeding and hand weeding during the whole growing season) as subplots. Results indicate that weeding operations are effective in increasing the number of pod per plant by 35.63%. Also, it is observed that there have beem significant differences among yield and yield components of the studied cultivars. ILC482 and Kaka cultivars have had the highest and lowest number of main branches at 3.82 and 2.58 values, respectively. The highest number of secondary branches obtained at a density of 30 plants.m-2. Furthermore, the highest number of pods per plant registered for Pirooz and Jam cultivars and the lowest number of pods per plant has been 7.98 in Hashem cultivar. The highest grain yield, indices of tolerance and competition and the lowest weed density observed for the Jam cultivar. In all examined cultivars, the number of seeds per square meter, grain yield and ability withstand competition index improve with increasing plant density so that the highest values are achieved at the plant density of 42 plants.m-2. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ability of withstand competition, cultivar, pea, plant density, weed, weeding | ||
| مراجع | ||
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