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برآورد نیاز آبی زیست‌محیطی و تراز اکولوژیک تالاب پریشان با هدف انتقال آب از سد نرگسی و احیای تالاب | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 53، شماره 3، خرداد 1401، صفحه 435-446 اصل مقاله (1.73 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.337853.669191 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| کامران رضایی توابع1؛ سحر طبیبیان* 2؛ بهاره صمدی کوچکسرایی1؛ مسعود باقرزاده کریمی3؛ پوریا غلامزاده1 | ||
| 1گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق با هدف محاسبة نیاز آبی زیست‌محیطی و تراز اکولوژیک تالاب پریشان جهت انتقال آب از سد نرگسی انجام گردید. بر اساس اطلاعات هیدرولوژیک، ارتباطی بین حجم آب تالاب، میزان بارش و ورودی رواناب‌ها وجود ندارد؛ بنابراین، عامل اصلی خشک‌شدن تالاب، مصرف بی‌رویة آب در کشاورزی است. برای تعیین حقابة هیدرولوژیک، از فرمول بیلان آبی دریاچه استفاده شد. براین‌اساس، نیاز آبی زیست‌محیطی در صورت اجرای طرح نکاشت، 05/15 و در صورت محدودکردن 50 درصدی فعالیت چاه‌های کشاورزی، 95/35 میلیون مترمکعب در سال می‌باشد. در صورت اجرای سناریوی اول، بدون خشکسالی و انتقال آب، بعد از 5/3 سال آب زیرزمینی به تراز صفر رسیده و سپس فرآیند احیاء آغاز می‌شود اما با اجرای سناریوی دوم، این زمان 5 سال بوده و در صورت انتقال آب از سد، تسریع خواهد شد. گونه‌های پرچم، شامل پلیکان پاخاکستری، ماهی پریشانی و گیاه نی هستند. سال 1386 آخرین سال رطوبت کل تالاب بود. در این سال، مقدار تغییرات گونه‌های شاخص (MSI) پلیکان پاخاکستری، 80 و مطلوب بوده است. آمار صید ماهی پریشانی در این سال، 64 تن و مطلوب بوده است مساحت نی‌زارها در همین سال مساحت 220 هکتار به دست آمد؛ بنابراین تراز اکولوژیک حداقل، بر اساس حجم تالاب در سال 1386، 3/39 میلیون مترمکعب است اما تراز تعادل اکولوژیک بر اساس متوسط حجم در سال‌های پرآبی، 6/51 میلیون مترمکعب می‌باشد؛ بنابراین استفاده از شاخص‌های هیدرولوژیک و اکولوژیک می‌تواند حجم حداقل و مطلوب جهت بازگشت تالاب به کارکردهای طبیعی را تعیین کند. البته نقش آماربرداری دقیق از موجودات شاخص حائز اهمیت فراوان است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نیاز آبی زیست‌محیطی؛ سناریوی نکاشت؛ سد نرگسی؛ تصاویر ماهواره‌ای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation of Environmental Water Requirement and Ecological Water Level of Parishan Wetland with the Purpose of Transferring Water from Nargesi Dam and Restoration of the Wetland | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Kamran Rezaei Tavabe1؛ Sahar Tabibian2؛ Bahareh Samadi-kouchaksaraei1؛ Masoud Bagherzadeh Karimi3؛ Poorya Gholamzadeh1 | ||
| 1Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Iran Water Resources Management Company, Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The purpose of this research was to calculate the environmental water requirement and ecological water level of Parishan wetland to transfer water from Nargesi Dam. Based on hydrological information, there is no relationship between the volume of water in the wetland, the amount of rainfall and runoff input. Therefore, the main factor of wetland death is the improper use of water in agriculture in addition to drought. To determine the hydrological water right, the balance formula of lakes was used. Accordingly, the environmental water requirement is 15.05 million cubic meters per year in the case of stop-cultivation plan, and 35.95 in case of limiting 50% of agricultural wells. If the first scenario is implemented, without drought and water transfer after 3.5 years, the groundwater will reach to zero level and then the restoration process will begin, but with the implementation of the second scenario, this time is 5 years and in case of water transfer from the dam, it will be accelerated. Flagship species include Dalmatian pelican, Golden barb and common reed. The year of 2007 was the last year that the entire area had water. Multi Species Indicators (MSI) was 80 and desirable. In 2007, the amount of fishing was 64 tons and it was desirable. The area of reeds in the same year was 220 hectares. Therefore, the minimum ecological level, based on the volume of wetlands in 2007, is 39.3 million cubic meters, but the ecological balance level based on the average volume of wetlands in watery years is 51.6 million cubic meters. Thus, using hydrological and ecological indicators determine the minimum and optimal volume for the restoration of the wetland to its natural functions, and the role of accurate statistics of indicator organisms is very important. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Hydrological water requirement, stop-cultivation scenario, Nargesi dam, Satellite Images | ||
| مراجع | ||
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