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تحلیل وضعیت طول مدت بیکاری زنان و مردان جویای کار مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز کاریابی کشور در دورۀ 1392-1398 | ||
| زن در توسعه و سیاست | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 22، شماره 3، مهر 1403، صفحه 653-680 اصل مقاله (936.05 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کاربردی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jwdp.2022.342909.1008208 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعداله دارابی* 1؛ حسین محمودیان2؛ مجید کوششی3؛ حسین راغفر4 | ||
| 1دکتری تخصصی، گروه جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران و کارشناس وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2استاد گروه جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار گروه جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 4استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل وضعیت مدت بیکاری و مقایسۀ آن در بین زنان و مردان ایرانی مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز کاریابی است. مطالعۀ حاضر از نوع تحلیل ثانویه و جامعۀ آماری مورد مطالعه، شامل کلیۀ جویندگان کار 15 تا 45 سالۀ مراجعه‌کننده به کاریابی‌های سراسر کشور، از ابتدای سال 1392 تا پایان مهرماه سال 1398 است که با کمک تکنیک آماری تحلیل بقا انجام پذیرفته است. براساس یافته‌های این مطالعه، زنان دورۀ بیکاری طولانی‌تری از مردان دارند. جویندگان کار گروه‌های سنی 20 تا 24 سال، دارای میانگین دورۀ بیکاری کوتاه‌تری از سایر گروه‌های سنی هستند. کارجویان متأهل، مطلقه و بیوه، احتمال بقای بیکاری کمتری از افراد مجرد دارند. کارجویان بی‌سواد دارای بیشترین احتمال بیکاری هستند و افراد با سطح تحصیلات کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری در ردۀ دوم بالاترین احتمال بیکاری قرار دارند. نتایج این مطالعه حاکی از آن است که در فرایند سیاست‌گذاری و مدیریت بازار کار کشور، توجه به تغییرات ساختار سنی و جنسی جمعیت، نیازمند اهتمام جدی است. زنان نیمی از جمعیت کشور هستند؛ بنابراین ضروری است استفاده از این ظرفیت، به‌ویژه در شرایط خروج از پنجرۀ جمعیتی و نیز برنامه‌ریزی برای ایجاد اشتغال پایدار و کاهش طول دورۀ بیکاری، ضمن توجه به محدودیت تنوع شغلی و نقش آنان در تأهل و فرزندآوری و تربیت فرزندان، در اولویت قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اشتغال؛ جنس؛ سن؛ مدت بیکاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of Unemployment Duration of Men and Women Job Seekers Referring to Job Centers of Iran over the Period of 2013-2019 | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saadolah Darabi1؛ Hossein Mahmoudian2؛ Majid Koosheshi3؛ Hossein Raghfar4 | ||
| 1PhD, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran and expert of Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Full Professor, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 4Full Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The objective of this research is to compare the duration of unemployment among Iranian men and women who have visited labor centers. The current study is a secondary analysis, and the statistical population of the study consists of all job seekers aged 15 to 45 who have referred to job centers throughout the country from the beginning of 2013 to the end of October 2019. The study was conducted using the survival analysis statistical technique. The results of this study indicate that women experience longer periods of unemployment than males. The average duration of unemployment among job seekers aged 20 to 24 is shorter than that of other age categories. Job seekers who are married, divorced, or widowed are at a lower risk of unemployment than those who are unmarried. The risk of unemployment is highest among job candidates who lack education, while the second highest risk is borne by individuals with master's and doctoral degrees. The findings of this investigation suggest that the age and gender composition of the populace must be taken into account when formulating policies and overseeing the labor market. Given that women comprise half of the country's population, it is imperative to capitalize on this capacity, especially in the context of departing the demographic window and implementing strategies to reduce unemployment and establish stable employment. Furthermore, the role of job applicants in marriage, childbearing, and child training, as well as the limitations of job diversity, must be thoroughly considered and prioritized. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| age, employment, gender, unemployment duration | ||
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| مراجع | ||
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