پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 162 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,678 |
| تعداد مقالات | 71,987 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 128,823,990 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 101,616,542 |
بررسی نگرش جوامع محلی نسبت به تعارضات انسان-خرس قهوه‌ای در استان فارس و راهکارهای مؤثر برای کاهش تعارض | ||
| نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
| دوره 76، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 311-323 اصل مقاله (1.44 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2023.348922.2475 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رسول خسروی* 1؛ فاطمه نجابت1؛ علیرضا محمدی2 | ||
| 1بخش مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مدیریت درست تعارض بین انسان و حیات وحش نیازمند شناخت دقیق از درک ریسک از دید جوامع محلی و تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر نگرش افراد است. بهمنظور بررسی نقش هر یک از عوامل در شکلگیری تعارض خرس قهوه ای با جوامع محلی در محدوده نقاط با ریسک بالای تعارض در تعدادی از روستاهای کامفیروز (مرودشت)، استان فارس، و ارزیابی اهمیت هر یک از راهکارهای مؤثر در کاهش تعارض، پرسشنامه‌ای طراحی و با تعدادی از افراد محلی در بازة زمانی اوج تعارض مصاحبه صورت گرفت. بهمنظور ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر نگرش جوامع محلی از رگرسیون لجستیک و بررسی نقش هر یک از عوامل در تعارض و اهمیت هر یک از راهکارهای مؤثر در کاهش تعارض، از تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که از دیدگاه مشارکت‌کنندگان، از بین رفتن زیستگاه و کمبود طعمه، تحریک حیوان و عدم آگاهی از رفتار گونه، بیشترین مرکزیت را در شبکه دارند. در بین راهکارهای پیشنهاد شده توسط مشارکت‌کنندگان، استفاده از روش های بازدارندة شنیداری و دیداری، استفاده از سگ‌های آموزش‌دیده، پرداخت غرامت، بیمه نمودن منافع، و افزایش جمعیت طعمه ها بیشترین مرکزیت را نشان دادند. براساس نتایج رگرسیون لجستیک، افرادی که حس بهتری هنگام مشاهده یا فکر کردن به خرس دارند، نسبت به خرس نگرش مثبت‌تری دارند، همچنین افرادی که خرس را دوست دارند، نسبت به آن نگرش مثبت‌تری دارند. همچنین، افرادی که سطح تعارض بالایی با گونه دارند، نسبت به آن نگرش منفی دارند. توجه به عوامل تأثیرگذار در شکل گیری نگرش جوامع محلی و درگیرکردن افراد در برنامه های حفاظت مشارکتی نقش مهمی در شناسایی راهکارهای مؤثر برای کاهش تعارضات دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزیابی نگرش؛ احساسات؛ استان فارس؛ تحلیل شبکه؛ تعارض انسان-خرس قهوه‌ای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the attitude of local communities toward human-brown bear conflicts in Fars province and effective solutions to mitigate conflict | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Rasoul Khosravi1؛ Fatemeh Nejabat1؛ Alireza Mohammadi2 | ||
| 1Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Effective management of human-wildlife conflicts requires an understanding of risk perception, peoples’ responses to conflicts, as well as the impact of socio-economic and cultural factors on people's attitudes. We designed a questionnaire form to investigate the effect of each factor on human-brown bear conflicts in the areas with a high risk of conflict in Kamfiruz (Marvdasht county, Fars), during the peak conflict period (July to September), and evaluate the contribution of the effective strategies in mitigating conflicts. We used logistic regression to evaluate the factors affecting people's attitudes and also network analysis to survey the role of each factor in human-bear conflict and the importance of effective strategies in reducing conflict. The results showed that, according to the respondent's point of view, habitat loss and scarcity of natural prey, persecuting brown bears, and lack of sufficient knowledge about the species have the most centrality in the network. Also, among the suggested solutions by the respondent's, visual or auditory deterrents, trained dogs, compensation payments, insuring, and increasing natural prey’s population had the most centrality in the network, respectively. The results of the logistic regression showed that people who feel more eager when they see or think about bears have a more positive attitude toward the species. Also, people who like brown bears have a more positive attitude towards them. On the other hand, people who have a higher level of conflict with the species have a negative attitude towards it. According to the results, considering factors influencing natives' attitudes and engaging people in collaborative conservation programs have an important role in identifying effective and applicable solutions to mitigate human-brown bear conflicts. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Attitude assessment, Emotions, Network analysis, Questionnaire analysis, Human-brwon bear conflict | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ale, S., 1998. Culture and conservation: the snow leopard in Nepal. International Snow Leopard Trust Newsletter 16(10), 23-29 Almasieh, K., Savari, M., Mohammadi, A. R., 2020. Factors influencing the occurrence and conflict of the Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) in an urban area in Khuzestan Province, Iran. International Journal of Asian Education 9(3), 33-48 (In Persian). Ambarlı, H. 2016. Rural and urban students’ perceptions of and attitudes toward brown bears in Turkey. Anthrozoös 29(3), 489-502. Ansari, M., Ghoddousi, A., 2018. Water availability limits brown bear distribution at the southern edge of its global range. Ursus 29(1), 13-24. Ashrafzadeh, M.R., Khosravi, R., Ahmadi, M., Kaboli, M., 2018. Landscape heterogeneity and ecological niche isolation shape the distribution of spatial genetic variation in Iranian brown bears, Ursus arctos (Carnivora: Ursidae). Mammalian Biology 93(11), 64-75. Ashrafzadeh, M.R., Khosravi, R., Mohammadi, A., Naghipour, A.A., Khoshnamvand, H., Haidarian, M., Penteriani, V., 2022. Modeling climate change impacts on the distribution of an endangered brown bear population in its critical habitat in Iran. Science of The Total Environment 837(1), 123-140. Balčiauskas, L., Ambarlı, H., Balčiauskienė, L., Bagrade, G., Kazlauskas, M., Ozoliņš, J., Zlatanova, D., Žunna, A., 2020. Love off, Fear on? Brown bear acceptance by teenagers in European countries with differing population statuses. Sustainability 12(6), 2397. Berry, M., Nickerson, N., Metcalf, E., 2016. Using spatial, economic, and ecological opinion data to inform gray wolf conservation. Wildlife Society Bulletin 40(3), 554-563. Bhatia, S., Redpath, S. M., Suryawanshi K., Mishra, C., 2017. The relationship between religion and attitudes toward large carnivores in Northern India?. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 22(1), 30-42. Bombieri, G., Naves, J., Penteriani, V., Selva, N., Fernández-Gil, A., López-Bao, J.V., Ambarli, H., Bautista, C., Bespalova, T., Bobrov, V., Bolshakov, V., 2019. Brown bear attacks on humans: a worldwide perspective. Scientific Reports 9(1), 1-10. Can, Ö. E., D'Cruze, N., Garshelis, D.L., Beecham, J., Macdonald, D.W., 2014. Resolving human-bear conflict: A global survey of countries, experts, and key factors. Society for Conservation Biology 7(6), 501-513 Dhungana, R., Maraseni, T., Silwal, T., Aryal, K., Karki, J.B., 2022. What determines attitude of local people towards tiger and leopard in Nepal?. Nature Conservation 68 (16), 126223. Dickman, A.J., 2009. Key determinants of conflict between people and wildlife, particularly large carnivores, around Ruaha National Park, Tanzania. PhD thesis. University College London (University of London), 150 p Dickman, A.J., 2010. Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving human-wildlife conflict. Animal Conservation 13(5), 458-466. Dickman, A.J., Hazzah, L., Carbone, C., Durant, S.M., 2014. Carnivores, culture and contagious conflict: Multiple factors influence perceived problems with carnivores in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape. Biological Conservation 178(10), 19-27. Eagly, A.H., Chaiken, S., 1993. The psychology of attitudes, Harcourt brace Jovanovich college publishers, 794 p. Esmaeili, S., Hemami, M.R., Goheen, J.R., 2019. Human dimensions of wildlife conservation in Iran: Assessment of human-wildlife conflict in restoring a wide-ranging endangered species. PLoS One 14(8), e0220702 Gebo, B., Takele, S., Shibru, S., 2022. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the local people towards human-carnivore coexistence in Faragosa–Fura Landscape, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia. Wildlife Biology 2(2), e01018. Glikman, J.A., Ciucci, P., Marino, A., Davis, E.O., Bath, A.J., Boitani, L., 2019. Local attitudes toward Apennine brown bears: Insights for conservation issues. Conservation Science and Practice 1(5), e25. Hazzah, L.N., 2007. Living among lions (Panthera leo): coexistence or killing? Community attitudes towards conservation initiatives and the motivation behind lion killing in Kenyan Maasailand, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 306 p Inskip, C., Zimmermann, A., 2009. Human-felid conflict: a review of patterns and priorities worldwide. Oryx 43(1), 18-34. Johansson, M., Ferreira, I.A., Støen, O.G., Frank, J., Flykt, A., 2016. Targeting human fear of large carnivores, many ideas but few known effects. Biological Conservation 201(9), 261-269. Johansson, M., Frank, J., Støen, O.G., Flykt, A., 2017. An evaluation of information meetings as a tool for addressing fear of large carnivores. Society & Natural Resources 30(3), 281-298. Kellert, S.R., Berry, J.K., 1987. Attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors toward wildlife as affected by gender. Wildlife Society Bulletin 15(3), 63-371. Kellert, S.R., Black, M., Rush, C.R., Bath, A.J., 1996. Human culture and large carnivore conservation in North America. Conservation Biology 10(4), 977-990. Khosravi, R., Pourghasemi, H.R., Adavoudi, R., Julaie, L., Wan, H.Y., 2022. A spatially explicit analytical framework to assess wildfire risks on brown bear habitat and corridors in conservation areas. Fire Ecology 18(1), 1-14. Khosravi, R., Wan, H.Y., Sadeghi, M.R., Cushman, S.A., 2022. Identifying human-brown bear conflict hotspots for prioritizing critical habitat and corridor conservation in southwestern Iran. Animal Conservation 26(1), 31-45. Kideghesho, J.R., Røskaft, E., Kaltenborn, B.P., 2007. Factors influencing conservation attitudes of local people in Western Serengeti, Tanzania. Biodiversity and Conservation 16(7), 2213-2230. Kifle, Z., Bekele. A., 2020. Human–Gelada conflict and attitude of the local community toward the conservation of the southern Gelada (Theropithecus gelada obscurus) around Borena Saynit National Park, Ethiopia. Environmental Management 65(3), 399-409. Lindsey, P.A., du Toit, J.T., Mills, M.G.L., 2005. Attitudes of ranchers towards African wild dogs Lycaon pictus: conservation implications on private land. Biological Conservation 125(1), 113-121. Madadi, M., Nezami, B.B., Kaboli, M., Rezaei, H.R., Mohammadi, A., 2021. A Survey of the attitudes of local communities of Mazandaran province towards brown bear (Ursus arctos). Animal Environment 13(1), 11-18. (In Persian) Manfredo, M.J., Teel, T.L., Bright, A.D., 2004. Application of the concepts of values and attitudes in human dimensions of natural resources research. Society and natural resources: A Summary of Knowledge 12(3), 271-282. McLellan, B., Proctor, M., Huber, D., Michel, S., 2017. Ursus arctos (amended version of 2017 assessment). The IUCN red list of threatened species. 2017: E.T41688a121229971 Mohammadi, A., Alambeigi, A., Bao- López, J. V., Kabolid, M., 2021. Fear of wolves in relation to attacks on people and livestock in Western Iran. Anthrozoös 34(2), 303-319 (In Persian). Mohammadi, A., Alambeigi, A., Bao- López, J.V., Taghavi, L., Kaboli, M., 2022. Living with wolves: Lessons learned from Iran. Conservation Science and Practice. Agricultural and Economics and Development Research 4(5), 461-472. Mohammadi, A., Almasieh, K., Wan, H.Y., Nayeri, D., Alambeigi, A., Ransom, J.I., Cushman, S. A., 2021. Integrating spatial analysis and questionnaire survey to better understand human-onager conflict in Southern Iran. Scientific Reports 11(1), 1-12. Mohammadi, A., Kaboli, M., Alambeigi, A., Jose – Bao- López, J. V., 2018. Social network analysis of human-environment conflict management based on evidence of wolf attacks in local communities of Hamadan province. Agricultural and economics and development research 49(3), 461-472. (In Persian). Moqanaki, E., Cushman. S. 2017. All roads lead to Iran: Predicting landscape connectivity of the last stronghold for the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah. Animal Conservation 20(1), 29-41. Morzillo, A.T., Mertig, A.G., Garner, N., Liu, J., 2007. Spatial distribution of attitudes toward proposed management strategies for wildlife recovery. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 12(1), 15-29. Murray, D., G. Bastille-Rousseau, M. Hornseth, J. Row and D. Thornton. 2020. From research hypothesis to model selection: a strategy towards robust inference in population ecology. In: Murray D. L. and B. Sandercock (Eds.), Population Ecology in Practice. Wiley Blackwell, London, UK. pp. 17-45, NaughtonTreves, L., Grossberg, R., Treves, A., 2003. Paying for tolerance: rural citizens' attitudes toward wolf depredation and compensation. Conservation Biology 17(6), 1500-1511. Ogra, M.V., 2008. Wildlife-human conflcit and gender in protected area borderlands: a case study of costs, perceptions, and vulnerabilities from Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal), India. Geoforum 39(3), 1408-1422. Parchizadeh, J., Belant, J.L. 2021. Brown bear and persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran. PLoS ONE 16(7), e0255042. Perry, L.R., Jacobsen, K.S., Moorhouse, T.P., Loveridge, A.J., 2022. More than a feeling: Cognitive beliefs and positive but not negative affect predict overal attitudes toward predators. Conservation Science and Practice 4(2), e584. Persson, J., Rauset, G.R., Chapron, G., 2015. Paying for an endangered predator leads to population recovery. Conservation Letters 8(5), 345-350. Pettigrew, M., Xie, Y., Kang, A., Rao, M., Goodrich, J., Liu, T., Berger, J., 2012. Human–carnivore conflict in China: a review of current approaches with recommendations for improved management. Integrative Zoology 7(2), 210-226. Piédallu, B., Quenette, P.Y., Mounet, C., Lescureux, N., Borelli-Massines, M., Dubarry, E., Camarra J.J., Gimenez, O., 2016. Spatial variation in public attitudes towards brown bears in the French Pyrenees. Biological Conservation 197(5), 90-97. Rashnoo, H., Kaboli M., Mohammadi A., Nayeri, D., Selyari, J., Rahmani, B., 2021. Factors Affecting Local People’s Fear of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in Protected Areas of Alborz Province. International Journal of Asian Education10(1), 35-49 ( In Persian). Roskaft, E., Bjerke, T., Kaltenborn, B., Linnell, J.D.C., Andersen, R., 2003. Patterns of self-reported fear towards large carnivores among the Norwegian public. Evolution and Human Behavior 24(3), 184-198. Røskaft, E., Händel, B., Bjerke, T., Kaltenborn, B.P., 2007. Human attitudes towards large carnivores in Norway. Wildlife Biology 13(2), 172-185. Scott, J., 2000. Social network analysis: A handbook. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications Slagle, K., Bruskotter, J.T., 2019. Tolerance for wildlife: A psychological perspective. In: Frank, B., Glikman, J.A., Marchini, S. (Eds), Human-Wildlife Interactions: Turning Conflict into Coexistence, Cambridge University Press, pp. 85-106. Verplanken, B., Hofstee, G., Janssen, H., J.W., 1998. Accessibility of affective versus cognitive components of attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology 28(1), 23-35. Wang, J., Damerell, P., Shi, K., Riordan, P., Zhu, K., Wang, X., Wang, P., Reheman, A., Yang, J., 2019. Human-wildlife conflict pattern and suggested mitigation strategy in the Pamirs of northwestern China. Rangeland Ecology & Management 72(1), 210-216. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 442 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 357 |
||
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب