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سیاست جنایی تقنینی غیرکیفری ایران در قبال ایجاد مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی | ||
| مدیریت مخاطرات محیطی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 9، شماره 3، مهر 1401، صفحه 219-239 اصل مقاله (810.17 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی کاربردی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhsci.2022.350728.750 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمد ابراهیم شمس ناتری* | ||
| دانشیار دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی به مجموعه پدیده‌هایی اطلاق می‌شود که قابلیت ایجاد آسیب‌های شدید را در محیط زیست انسانی دارند. در مواردی این مخاطرات که گاه عناوین مجرمانه نیز دارند، ممکن است سبب بیماری‌های گسترده یا تخریب‌های زیست‌محیطی شوند یا بحران‌های اجتماعی و سیاسی در جامعه ایجاد کنند. از این‌رو در مواردی که این آسیب‌ها توان ایجاد بحران‌های بین‌المللی را داشته باشد، جامعۀ جهانی از طریق وضع کنوانسیون‌های بین‌المللی به مبارزه با آنها برمی‌خیزد و در موارد احتمال آسیب‌های داخلی، کشورها با وضع قوانین و مقررات متناسب سیاست جنایی خود را در این زمینه تدوین می‌کنند. در این مقاله سیاست جنایی تقنینی غیرکیفری ایران در برابر رفتارهای خطرناک بحران‌زا و تشدیدکنندۀ مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی بررسی شده و نشان داده شده که موارد پیش‌بینی‌شده در قوانین لازم است، ولی کافی نیست و توان پاسخگویی متناسب به آسیب‌های زیست‌محیطی را ندارد. نوآوری مقاله در این است که با تبیین کاستی‌های قوانین مربوط به موضوع بحث، به قانونگذار پیشنهاد اصلاح قوانین با هدف پیشگیری منطقی و علمی از مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی را ارائه می‌دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پیشگیری اجتماعی؛ پیشگیری وضعی؛ سیاست جنایی تقنینی؛ غیرکیفری؛ مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Iran's legal non-penal criminal policy regarding the creation of environmental hazards | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Ebrahim Shams Nateri | ||
| Associate Professor of University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Environmental hazards, whether they occur naturally and outside of human actions, or with the intervention of humans and their actions, cause extensive damage to human society every year and cause irreparable damage to the human environment. From severe earthquakes and devastating floods to climate and weather changes and dust and drought phenomena, it has left irreparable environmental damage, especially in the Far East. In addition to that man-made hazards such as polluting the environment through the production of pollutants, unprincipled production of waste, destroying forests and pastures with unprincipled actions in them, polluting rivers and seas and beaches by importing industrial waste or oil and gases. Extraction, manipulating the ecological cycle through the construction of unnecessary dams or changing the course of rivers, followed by the destruction of thousands of hectares of forests and natural resources and the destruction of many generations of animals and plants, have brought the human environment to a stage that It has minimized the possibility of human life to continue with security and peace. As a result, every year a significant number of malformed babies are born and a larger number die due to the occurrence of diseases caused by the above situation, but some of the citizens continue their lives with diseases caused by the current unfavorable environmental situation. The question is, what should be done to deal with the above risks and to avoid its deadly effects, and what solutions have been provided by the country's current laws and regulations in this regard? In this article, taking a look at Iran's strategic policy in the constitution, the solutions to prevent related risk crises are reviewed. Research Method Considering that the purpose of the current research is to increase understanding and knowledge in the field of dealing with environmental hazards and non-criminal prevention of these hazards in Iran's criminal policy, therefore, in this regard, the current research is of an applied type and by explaining the scope of the non-criminal measures mentioned in The laws in question seek to answer the question, what is Iran's non-criminal criminal policy against dangerous and crisis-causing behaviors that create or exacerbate environmental hazards? And in this context, by using library tools and referring to the relevant laws, the legislative measures of Iran's legislator in the criminal policy of dealing with environmental hazards have been examined. Conclusion Through the conducted studies, it has been found that although significant measures have been provided in the relevant laws to deal with environmental hazards, the legislator has paid less attention to social prevention measures that promote public culture to deal with these hazards. In this regard, it seems that considering the place of criminal prevention and its effectiveness in the society, it is necessary for the legislator to pay special attention to social prevention and raising public culture in order to deal with environmental hazards by passing appropriate laws. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| legislative criminal policy, non-criminal, environmental hazards, social prevention, situational prevention | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 183 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 243 |
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