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پیشنگری خشکسالی تحت سناریوهای SSP تا پایان قرن بیست‌ویکم، مطالعه موردی: حوضه دریاچه ارومیه | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 53، شماره 7، مهر 1401، صفحه 1499-1516 اصل مقاله (2.46 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.343700.669278 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| آذر زرین* 1؛ عباسعلی داداشی رودباری2؛ الهام کدخدا3 | ||
| 1دانشیار اقلیم شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد | ||
| 2پژوهشگر پسادکتری اقلیم شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری اقلیم شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه یزد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پیشنگری رخدادهای خشکسالی در یک منطقه مستعد خشکسالی همانند حوضه دریاچه ارومیه که یکی از آسیب پذیرترین مناطق برای مواجهه با خشکسالیهای مکرر و با شدت بالا در ایران است، برای کاهش ریسک مرتبط با آن بسیار مهم است. این پژوهش، با هدف پیشنگری خشکسالی هواشناسی در حوضه دریاچه ارومیه انجام شده است. برای این منظور مدلهای تصحیح شده اریبی CMIP6 تحت سناریوهای خوشبینانه (SSP1-2.6) و خیلی بدبینانه (SSP5-8.5) طی دوره 2100-2026 با استفاده از شاخص خشکسالی بارش تبخیر-تعرّق استاندارد شده هواشناسی (SPEI-1) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتهاند. درستی برونداد بارش مدلهای منفرد CMIP6 و مدل همادی تولید شده (MME) با روش میانگین وزنی با رویکرد مستقل (IWM) با سه سنجه آماری NRMSE، MBE و PCC مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد مدلهای منتخب CMIP6 به رغم کمبرآوردی بارش در ایستگاههای نماینده مورد بررسی، کارایی مناسبی برای برآورد متغیر بارش در سطح حوضه دارند. مدل همادی تولید شده مقدار سنجه PCC را در تمامی ایستگاهها به 99/0 رسانده است. مقایسه شاخص SPEI-1 بین برونداد CMIP6-MME و دادههای هشت ایستگاه هواشناسی نشان از انطباق خوب شاخص در فصول پاییز، زمستان و بهار است. پیشنگری خشکسالی با مدلهای CMIP6 نشان از افزایش قابل توجه رخدادهای خشکسالی عمدتاً در غرب و شمال حوضه برای دوره گرم سال دارد. شدت خشکسالی و درصد سالهای کمتر از نرمال در آینده میانی (2075-2051) بیشتر از آینده دور (2100-2076) بخصوص برای سناریو SSP5-8.5 در متوسط پهنهای حوضه است. این نتایج میتواند مبنایی برای توسعه اقدامات سازگاری با خشکسالی در حوضه دریاچه ارومیه را فراهم کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| خشکسالی؛ شاخص SPEI؛ مدل های CMIP6؛ مدل همادی؛ حوضه دریاچه ارومیه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Drought projection in the Urmia Lake basin under SSP Scenarios until the End of the 21st Century | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Azar Zarrin1؛ Abbasali Dadashi-Roudbari2؛ Elham Kadkhoda3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad. | ||
| 2Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad. | ||
| 3Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The Urmia Lake basin is one of the most vulnerable areas to frequent high-intensity droughts in Iran. The aim of this study is to project meteorological drought in the Urmia Lake basin through the 21st century. For this purpose, the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI-1) was investigated using the bias-corrected CMIP6 models under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios during the period 2026-2100. The performance of individual CMIP6 models and multi-model ensemble (MME) generated by the independent weighted mean (IWM) method with three metrics including NRMSE, MBE, and PCC were evaluated. Overall, all individual CMIP6 models showed a good performance in the Lake Urmia basin, despite some overestimations of precipitation. However, the generated CMIP6-MME has increased the PCC values in all stations to 0.99. The CMIP6 MME showed a good performance of the SPEI-1 index in autumn, winter, and spring against observation from ground stations in the historical period. The result indicates a significant increase in drought events mainly in the west and north of the Urmia Lake basin in the warm period of the year during the 21st century. The severity and the percentage of below-normal years for the basin-averaged drought in the middle 21st century (2051-2075) is more than the ones in the far future (2076-2100), especially for the SSP5-8.5 scenario. These results can provide a basis for the development of drought adaptation plans in the Urmia Lake basin. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| drought, SPEI index, CMIP6 models, ensemble model, Urmia Lake basin | ||
| مراجع | ||
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