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اثر برهمکنش قارچ عامل بیوکنترلی Microdochium bolleyi بر عامل بیماری پاخوره غلات (Gaeumannomyces graminis) در خاک تیمار شده با کودهای ازته و فسفره | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| دوره 10، شماره 1، خرداد 1400، صفحه 45-55 اصل مقاله (938.73 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2022.341365.318 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امیرحسین شریفی رائینی1؛ صمد جمالی* 2؛ اکرم فاطمی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی | ||
| 2دانشیار قارچ شناسی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی | ||
| 3گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پاخوره گندم از جمله مهمترین بیماری‌های گندم در سراسر جهان می‌باشد. در این تحقیق برای اولین بار اثر کودهای فسفره و ازته و قارچ اندوفیت Microdochium bolleyi بر کنترل بیماری پاخوره گندم (رقم پیشگام) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و شامل تیمارهای شاهد، کاربرد کودهای ازته و فسفره به نسبت‌های مختلف ( 50 و 100 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپرفسفات تریپل ، 100 و 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم اوره) به تنهایی، همراه با بیمارگر (Gaeumannomyces graminis) همچنین قارچ اندوفیت M. bolleyi بود. وزن خشک ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه و کلروفیل برگ و درصد آلودگی ریشه اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه و کلروفیل برگ به طور معنی داری (P<0.05) در تیمارهایی به دست آمد که حاوی اوره و سوپرفسفات تریپل در سطوح مختلف و قارچ اندوفیت M. bolleyi بودند. از نظر کنترل بیماریزایی، در تیمارهایی که به تنهایی از کود اوره و سوپر فسفات تریپل استفاده شد حدود ۴۶ درصد بیماری پاخوره گندم کاهش یافت. در تیمارهایی که از قارچ اندوفیت M. bolleyi به تنهایی استفاده شده بود، حدود ۵۸ درصد بیماری کنترل شد. در تیمارهایی که از قارچ اندوفیت و بیشترین سطح کود اوره و سوپرفسفات تریپل استفاده شد حدود 75 درصد بیماری کنترل شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پاخوره غلات؛ مهار زیستی؛ میکرودوخیوم؛ گندم؛ کرمانشاه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Interactive effect of biocontrol agent Microdochium bolleyi on take-all disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis) in the soil treated with phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Amirhosein Sharifiraeini1؛ Samad Jamali2؛ Akram Fatemi3 | ||
| 1MSc Student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof. in Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 3ِDepartment of soil science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Take-all is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. The present study assessed the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and endophytic fungus Microdochium bolleyi on controlling this disease in wheat ‘Pishgam’ cultivar for the first time. A greenhouse experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatments of control, nitrogen+phosphorus fertilizers (100 and 200 mg kg-1 urea, and 50 and 100 mg kg-1 triple superphosphate) alone and their combination with pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis and endophytic fungus M. bolleyi. Then, root dry and shoot fresh weights, plant height, and leaf chlorophyll content, as well as the percentage of root contamination were measured. Based on the results, root dry and shoot fresh weight, plant height, and leaf chlorophyll content were significantly maximized following the treatments containing urea and triple superphosphate at various levels, and endophytic fungus (p<0.05). In terms of pathogenesis control, about 46% decrease was observed in take-all disease for the treatment receiving urea+triple superphosphate alone. The disease was respectively controlled by around 58 and 75% after applying endophytic fungus M. bolleyi alone and in combination with the highest amount of urea+triple superphosphate, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Take-all disease, Biocontrol, Microdochium, Wheat, Kermanshah | ||
| مراجع | ||
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