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ارزیابی چرخه زندگی تولید گردو در روش‌های مختلف آبیاری: مطالعه موردی شهرستان‌های شهرکرد و سامان | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 3، خرداد 1402، صفحه 497-512 اصل مقاله (1.84 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.355103.669451 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا حیدرپور1؛ حسن قاسمی مبتکر* 1؛ مجید خانعلی1؛ عبدالمجید لیاقت2 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امروزه، افزایش تقاضای غذایی باعث افزایش مصرف انرژی شده که این امر پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی زیادی نظیر آلودگی هوا و گرمایش جهانی را به همراه دارد. آبیاری یکی از عملیات انرژی‌بر در کشاورزی است که انرژی زیادی را مصرف می‌کند و اثرات زیانبار زیست‌محیطی دارد. کاربرد روش‌های نوین آبیاری در کشاورزی از جنبه‌های مختلف قابل بررسی است. بنابراین، هدف از این تحقیق بررسی شاخص‌های انرژی و زیست‌محیطی تولید گردو در روش‌های آبیاری سطحی و تحت‌فشار است. داده‌های موردنیاز شامل اطلاعات مربوط به نهاده‌ها و انرژی مصرفی از باغات شهرستان‌های شهرکرد و سامان استان چهارمحال‌و‌بختیاری در سال زراعی 1400- 1401 با استفاده پرسشنامه و مصاحبه جمع‌آوری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که انرژی کل مصرفی تولید گردو در روش آبیاری تحت‌فشار 53/29573 و در روش آبیاری سطحی 46/25058 مگاژول بر هکتار است. این موضوع نشان می‌دهد در تولید گردو به روش آبیاری تحت‌فشار، علی‌رغم مصرف کمتر آب، انرژی کل مصرفی بیشتر است. در مورد عملکرد مغز گردو در دو سامانه مذکور تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد در تولید گردو، پرمصرف‌ترین نهاده‌ها در روش آبیاری تحت‌فشار پلاستیک و کود حیوانی (به ترتیب حدود 32% و 15%) و در روش آبیاری سطحی کود ازته و کود حیوانی (به ترتیب حدود 30% و 25%) بود. شاخص نسبت انرژی گردو در روش‌های آبیاری تحت‌فشار و سطحی به ترتیب برابر با 77/2 و 58/3 به‌دست آمد. در کل از نظر شاخص‌های انرژی، روش آبیاری سطحی شرایط بهتری نسبت به روش آبیاری تحت‌فشار داشت. نتایج ارزیابی چرخه زندگی تولید گردو نشان داد در دو روش آبیاری، در آسیب به سلامت انسان و اکوسیستم‌ها بیشترین درصد را انتشارات مستقیم داشته است. به‌طور کلی بررسی شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی تولید گردو در دو روش آبیاری نشان داد که استفاده از روش آبیاری تحت‌فشار باعث کاهش آسیب به محیط زیست می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گردو؛ مصرف انرژی؛ سامانه‌های آبیاری؛ ارزیابی چرخه زندگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| LCA evaluation of walnut production in different irrigation methods: A Case Study of Shahrekord and Saman Counties | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Heidarpour1؛ Hassan Ghasemi-Mobtaker1؛ Majid Khanali1؛ Abdolmajid Liaghat2 | ||
| 1Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Today, the increase in food demand has led to an increase in energy use, which has some environmental consequences such as air pollution and global warming. Irrigation is one of the energy-intensive operations in agriculture, which consumes great part of energy inputs and has harmful environmental effects. Applications of modern methods of irrigation in agriculture can be considered from different aspects. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the energy and environmental indicators of walnut orchards under surface and pressured irrigation methods. The required data, including information about inputs and energy consumed in walnut orchards, were collected using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews in Shahr-e Kord and Saman region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The collected data belonged to the production period of 2021–2022. The averages of total energy consumed for walnuts production in pressured and surface irrigation systems were 29573.53 and 25058.46 MJ ha−1, respectively. This shows that despite less water consumption in the pressured irrigation system, the total energy input in this irrigation system is more than the surface irrigation system. No significant difference was observed regarding the performance of walnut in the two mentioned irrigation systems. The inputs energy consumption in the walnut production with the pressurized irrigation system were highest for plastic and farmyard manure (about 32% and 15%, respectively); while in surface irrigation system, the share of nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure were highest (about 30% and 25%, respectively). Energy ratio of walnut production in surface irrigation systems was computed as 3.58, while the corresponding value in pressured system was 2.77. In other words, surface irrigation had better conditions in terms of energy indicators. The LCA results of walnut production showed that in the two irrigation systems, the greatest effects in human health and the ecosystems are from on-farm emissions. In general, the investigation of the environmental indicators of walnut production in the two irrigation systems showed that the use of the pressured irrigation system reduces the environmental damage. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Walnuts, Energy consumption, Irrigation systems, Life cycle assessment | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 136 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 117 |
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