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بهینه‌سازی ترکیب بسترهای کشت بدون خاک در تولید گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم | ||
| علوم باغبانی ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 235-248 اصل مقاله (1.27 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijhs.2023.348140.2062 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ناصر عسکری* 1؛ مونا دشتیاری2؛ عبداله حاتم زاده3؛ محمود قاسم نژاد4؛ رضا قهرمانی5 | ||
| 1گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران | ||
| 2گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| 3گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| 4گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران. | ||
| 5گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گیاه آنتوریوم به‌دلیل نیاز دمایی و غذایی ویژه، به روش بدون خاک در گلخانه پرورش داده می‌شود. با توجه به هزینه‌های بالای بسترهای متداول، استفاده از بسترهای کشت بومی ارزان قیمت و در دسترس، امری ضروری می‌باشد. به همین منظور، در این پژوهش از بستر پوکه صنعتی (لیکا) و ترکیب آن با مواد آلی در دسترس (پوسته برنج، ضایعات چای و ذغال چوب) استفاده شد. طول ساقه گل، طول و عرض برگه گل، تعداد برگ، طول و عرض برگ، طول و قطر اسپادیکس و ارتفاع گیاه و همچنین برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی (وزن مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی، درصد رطوبت، ظرفیت حفظ آب و تخلخل) و بیوشیمیایی (pH، EC، نیتروژن، پتاسیم، منیزیم و کلسیم) بسترهای کشت پس از گذشت 4 ماه از زمان کشت اندازه‌گیری شد. بر اساس نتایج، بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه (5/35 سانتیمتر)، طول ساقه گل (22 سانتیمتر)، تعداد گل (9/3) و تعداد برگ (15) متعلق به بستر حاوی مخلوط پوکه صنعتی و ضایعات چای بود. همچنین، این بستر دارای مناسب ترین خصوصیات فیزیکی بود به طوری‌که از نظر وزن مخصوص ظاهری (81/0 گرم بر سانتیمتر مکعب) و حقیقی (54/1 گرم بر سانتیمتر مکعب) و همچنین رطوبت (66 درصد) بیشترین میزان را به خود اختصاص داد. در حالیکه بیشترین مقادیر هدایت الکتریکی (2/9 میکرو زیمنس بر سانتیمتر) و عناصر نیتروژن (1/1 درصد) و پتاسیم (21/0 درصد) در بستر مخلوط پوکه صنعتی و پوسته برنج بود. بطور کلی استفاده از ضایعات چای علاوه بر کاهش هزینه‌های کشت بدون خاک گلخانه‌ای، نقش مهمی در بهبود کیفیت گل بریده و همچنین شاخص‌های رشدی داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنتوریوم؛ بستر کشت؛ گل شاخه بریده؛ هیدروپونیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Optimization of Soilless Substrates Composition in Anthurium Cut Flower Production | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Naser Askari1؛ Mona Dashtyari2؛ Abdullah Hatamzadeh3؛ Mahmood Ghasem-Nezhad4؛ Reza Ghahramani5 | ||
| 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran. | ||
| 4Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 5Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Anthurium is commonly cultivated through soilless culture in greenhouses, owing to its specific thermal and nutritional requirements. However, the high costs associated with conventional substrates necessitate the use of available, domestic, and inexpensive alternatives. In this study, light expanded clay aggregates (LECA) and its mixture with locally available materials such as rice husk, tea waste, and charcoal were utilized as substrates. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. After four months of cultivation, various morphological traits, including plant height, flower stem length and number, flowering time, flower stem fresh weight, leaf length and number, spadix length and diameter, spathe length and diameter, as well as physical traits such as bulk and particle density, humidity, water retention capacity, and porosity, were evaluated. Additionally, biochemical properties such as pH, EC, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and calcium of the substrates were assessed. The results indicated that the substrate containing a mixture of tea waste and LECA yielded the maximum plant height (35.5 cm), flower stem length (22 cm), number of flower stems (3.9), and number of leaves (15). Furthermore, this substrate exhibited the most appropriate physical properties, including the highest bulk (0.81 g/cm3), particle density (1.54 g/cm3), and humidity (66%). Conversely, the mixed substrate of LECA with rice husk demonstrated the maximum values of electrical conductivity (9.2 μS/cm), nitrogen (1.1%), and potassium (0.21%). Overall, the substrate composed of a mixture of tea waste and LECA not only reduces the costs associated with soilless systems but also enhances the quality and quantity of Anthurium cut flowers in greenhouses. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Anthurium, Substrate, Cut flower, Hydroponic | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 351 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 268 |
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