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ارزیابی تابع تولید عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ در شرایط کم‌آبیاری و سطوح مختلف شوری | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 03 مهر 1402 اصل مقاله (1.5 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.362564.669539 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی مکاری* 1؛ جواد علائی2؛ امیرحسین قادری3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، مرکز آموزش عالی کاشمر، کاشمر، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترا آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان | ||
| 3گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور مدیریت بهینۀ مصرف آب‌های شور در اراضی تحت آبیاری و هم‌چنین مقابله با بحران کمیابی منابع آبی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، دست یافتن به توابع تولید بهینه آب-شوری-عملکرد محصولات زراعی، راه حل منطقی به نظر می‌رسد. در همین راستا پژوهشی گلخانه‌ای با سه تیمار آبیاری 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی و چهار سطح شوری 7/0، 4، 8 و 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان کاشمر به انجام رسید. هدف از انجام پژوهش تعیین بهترین تابع تولید آب-شوری-عملکرد گیاه گلرنگ بود. توابع تولید استفاده شده در این پژوهش خطی، درجه دوم، کاب داگلاس و متعالی بودند. جهت ارزیابی دقت و کارآمدی این توابع در پیش‌بینی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ، از پارامترهای آماری میانگین مطلق خطا (MAE)، ریشه میانگین مربعات خطای نرمال (NRMSE)، ضریب تبیین (R2)، کارایی مدل‌سازی (EF) و شاخص توافق (d) استفاده گردید. هم‌چنین حد آستانۀ تحمل به شوری گیاه با استفاده از مدل خطی ماس-هافمن تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد در بین توابع استفاده شده، تابع درجه دوم با کم‌ترین NRMSE و بیش‌ترین R2 بهترین کارایی را در پیش‌بینی عملکرد دانه و اجزای آن در شرایط توأم شوری و تنش خشکی داشت. مطابق با مدل خطی ماس-هافمن، کاهش عملکرد نسبی دانه به میزان 10 درصد در شوری 75/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و کاهش 25 و 50 درصدی عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب در شوری 75/6 و 75/11 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر اتفاق افتاد. با توجه به یافته‌های این پژوهش می-توان تابع درجه دوم را به‌عنوان بهترین تابع تولید آب-شوری-عملکرد گلرنگ در شرایط کاشت گلدانی توصیه نمود. البته با توجه به وابستگی توابع تولید به نوع خاک، شرایط آب و هوایی و اقلیمی منطقه و روش‌های مدیریت آب در مزرعه، مطالعات جامع‌تری در خصوص معرفی بهترین تابع تولید آب-شوری-عملکرد گلرنگ در شرایط مزرعه احساس می‌گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آستانه تحمل به شوری؛ تابع درجه دوم؛ تنش هم‌زمان؛ مدیریت آبیاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of yield and yield components production function of safflower under deficit irrigation and different salinity levels | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mahdi mokari1؛ javad alaei2؛ amirhossin ghaderi3 | ||
| 1Water Engineering Department, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar,Iran | ||
| 2Doctoral student of irrigation and drainage of Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources | ||
| 3Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Attention to water consumption management in agriculture section as the main consumer of water in Iran is vital. Increase in population growth and the fallowing of it increasing in water consumption in various sections such as industry and drinking water, the use of more efficient from irrigation water in agriculture section has become important. One of the important and debatable issues and problems in agriculture section is water resources shortage for usage in irrigated lands. In addition to water resources shortage, soil and irrigation water salinity are the other serious restrictions for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions all over the world, too. Determination of crop production function is opening the path for the programming and policy of agricultural productions. Estimating of crop production functions were done with two procedures, generally. In the first way, relationship between yield-water; yield-salinity or yield-water-salinity are expressed based on the theoretical and empirical models, quantitatively. In the second way, crop production functions were estimated by the effect of different amounts of quality and quantity of irrigation water on crop yields using field observations and statistical analysis. Safflower as a moderately tolerant plant species to salinity is planting in arid and semi-arid regions where salinity is a serious restriction for crop growth. According to conducted researches, drought stress in flowering period of safflower prohibits from pollination and resulting in the seed formation reduced and ultimately grain yield is affected. Assessing of safflower sensitivity to simultaneously effects of drought and salinity stress on yield-water-salinity production function has not been yet studied in arid Kashmar region. Therefore, in this study tried to survey the optimum crop production function of safflower by applying drought stress and irrigation with saline water under pot planting conditions. Materials and Methods This greenhouse study was conducted in winter 1400 and spring 1401 in Kashmar region. In order to better control of conditions governing on experiment, in terms of applying salinity and irrigation treatments and prevent from frost bitten of plant, pot research was used in greenhouse ambient. The experiment was done as a factorial in a form of completely randomized block design with three replications. Irrigation treatments including 100, 75 and 50 percent of water requirement and salinity treatments were 0.7, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1. Salinity treatments were obtained by mixing fresh water with very salty groundwater. Various forms of production functions such as linear, Cobb-Douglas, quadratic and transcendental were utilized for predicting of grain yield. The optimum crop production function was determined by fitness various forms of crop production functions on obtained data from experiment using SPSS software. For assessing of validity of obtained functions, statistics of mean absolute error, normal root mean square error, determining coefficient, efficiency function and agreement index were used. Thereafter, using the optimum crop production function (quadratic function in this study), optimal depths of irrigation were calculated. Sigma plot software was used for preparing the graphs. Results and Discussion Variance analysis results showed that the combined effect of drought and salinity stress was significant on all of the measured traits except plant height and biomass at one percent probability level (P<0.01). The results also showed that the final rank of quadratic function was better than the other functions. Therefore, it can be concluded that quadratic function is the best crop production function for predicting the yield and yield components of safflower under drought and salinity stress. In all of the irrigation treatments, grain yield reduction gradient was higher by changing the salinity level from 0.7 to 4 dS m-1 compared to changing of it from 4 to 8 and from 8 to 12 dS m-1. Optimal irrigation depths for witness treatment (i.e.irrigation with nonsaline water) in land constrain, water constrain, maximum irrigation depth and equivalent maximum irrigation depth were 142.6, 149.7, 258.2 and 142.4 mm, respectively. Conclusion As experimental and field data which combined effect of salinity and drought stress on yield and yield components of safflower were studied are rare, in this study quadratic function as a best crop production function for estimating yield and yield components of safflower is recommended. Considering the obtained quadratic coefficients in this study belonged to a soil type and planting in pot condition, this possibility exists that these coefficients to be not usable for field conditions where there are many soil texture types. Therefore, it is recommended that more comprehensive studies were done for obtaining the quadratic coefficients of safflower in field conditions by changing quantitatively and qualitatively of irrigation water. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Irrigation management, Quadratic function, Salinity tolerance threshold, Simultaneous stress | ||
| مراجع | ||
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