1گروه شیعهشناسی و معارف اسلامی، دانشکدۀ الهیات، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2گروه اخلاق، دانشگاه معارف اسلامی، قم، ایران
چکیده
یکی از مقولههای بنیادین در دین اسلام اصل عدالت است که رمز تراز و تعادل در عالم تکوین و تشریع قلمداد میشود. به باور دانشمندان این اصل نباید تحت عناوین دیگر مانند اصل مصلحت خدشهدار شود. در زمینۀ مصلحت نظریات و تعاریف مختلفی طرح شده است که غالب آنها بر لحاظ خیر و نفع کلی تمرکز یافته است. اما دربارۀ نوع ارتباط مصلحت با عدالت کمتر سخن به میان آمده است که در آنها نیز بحث عدول از عدالت در هنگامۀ مصلحت یا چربش مصلحت بر عدالت تحت عناوین ثانوی پررنگ شده است. اما در این مقاله حسب ترسیم و تقریری که از سازکار عدالت با مصلحت آمده است ایدۀ عدالت اقتضایی مطرح شده که در آن مصلحت از مقولۀ عدالت، البته از نوع عدالت اقتضایی، است و در آن نیاز نیست عدالت فدای مصلحت یا مصلحت فدای عدالت شود. در واقع، با توجه به اصل ربح معقول و روح معنایی مفهوم عدالت، احکام و دستورها، در صورت وحدتِ اصل موضوع، تابع شرایط موضوع است تا وضع حکم در موضع مقتضی آن صورت گیرد و مناسبترین اقدام حسب شرایط رقم خورد. در واقع امور ثانوی و حکم تابع آن در گسترۀ اصل عدالت اقتضایی و تناظر عدالت و مصلحت است. در این گفتمان، عبور از مصلحت نهتنها عادلانه نیست بلکه فرد یا امر را وارد مقولۀ ظلم خواهد کرد.
An introduction to the idea of "contingent justice"
نویسندگان [English]
Hamed Pourrostami1؛ Mohammad Javad Fallah2
1Department of Shia Studies and Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology, College of Farabi, University of Tehran. Tehran, Irran
2Department of Ethics, University of Islamic teachings, Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]
One of the most fundamental categories in Islam is the principle of justice, which is considered the key to balance in the world of development and legislation. In this article, according to the drawing and presentation of the mechanism of justice with expediency, the idea of expediency justice is proposed, in which expediency is of the category of justice, of course, of the type of contingent justice, in which there is no need to sacrifice justice to expediency or expediency to justice. In fact, according to the principle of reasonable profit and the semantic spirit of the concept of justice, rulings and orders, in the case of unity (principle of the subject), were subject to (the conditions of the subject) until the ruling was made in its appropriate position and the most appropriate action was determined according to the circumstances. In fact, the secondary matters and the judgment subordinate to it are within the scope of the principle of contingent justice and correspondence between justice and expediency. In this discourse, passing expediency is not only not fair, but it will bring the person or matter into the category of oppression.
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