پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,533 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,506 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,127,202 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,234,952 |
بررسی اثر تعداد و اندازه پلات بر شاخص‌های عددی تنوع زیستی مراتع | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| دوره 76، شماره 4، بهمن 1402، صفحه 351-372 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2023.357691.1701 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسلم رستم پور* 1؛ علیرضا افتخاری2 | ||
| 1گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری و عضوگروه پژوهشی خشکسالی و تغییر اقلیم، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق در مرتعی از نوع قرق با چهار رویشگاه Artemisia sieberi، Zygophyllum eurypterum، Stipa barba و Amygdalus scoparia در منطقه حفاظت شده شاسکوه، استان خراسان جنوبی انجام شد. کلیه گونه‌های گیاهی مرتع شناسایی و در 200 پلات شمارش شد، به علت متفاوت بودن فرم رویشی و نحوه پراکنش هر کدام از گونه‌های غالب، در هر کدام از چهار رویشگاه، به ترتیب، 20، 40، 60 و 80 عدد پلات با دو اندازه 2×2 متر و 4×4 متر ( هر کدام 60 پلات) مستقر شد. جهت ارزیابی و مقایسه تنوع زیستی از شاخص‌های عددی و منحنی‌های رتبه‌بندی تنوع استفاده شد. از منحنی‌های جزء نادر انفرادی و تجمعی به ترتیب جهت مقایسه غنای گونه‌ای و تعیین کفایت نمونه‌برداری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که غنای کل براساس شاخص‌های عددی بین ۵۱ تا ۵۴ گونه متغیر است. رویشگاه با 80 پلات، بیشترین غنا و تنوع گونه‌ای (43S= و 27/3 H=) و 20 پلات کمترین غنا و تنوع (6S= و 41/1 H=) را دارد. نتایج تحلیل SHE نشان دادکه با افزایش تعداد پلات، یکنواختی گونه‌ای کاهش پیدا کرد. منحنی جزء نادر نشان داد که با افزایش تعداد پلات به ۱۱۰، کل گونه‌های گیاهی موجود در منطقه مشاهده خواهد شد. با افزایش اندازه پلات، کلیه مقادیر غنا و تنوع گونه‌ای افزایش معنی‌داری پیدا کردند ( 01/0p≤). شاخص‌های یکنواختی تحت تاثیر اندازه پلات قرار نگرفتند. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد شاخص‌های عددی غنا و تنوع گونه‌ای وابسته به اندازه پلات هستند و این از معایب ارزیابی تنوع زیستی در مراتع با استفاده از شاخص‌های عددی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اندازه نمونه؛ رتبه‌بندی تنوع؛ جزء نادر؛ شاخص عدد؛ غنای گونه‌ای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effect of the sample size and plot size on the numerical indices of rangeland biodiversity | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Moslem Rostampour1؛ Alireza Eftekhari2 | ||
| 1Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management and Research Group of Drought and Climate Change, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 2Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research was carried out in an enclosure rangeland with four habitats of Artemisia sieberi, Zygophyllum eurypterum, Stipa barba and Amygdalus scoparia in the Shaskouh protected area, South Khorasan province. All the plant species of the rangeland were identified and counted in 200 plots, due to the different vegetation form and distribution of each of the dominant species, in each of the four habitats, 20, 40, 60 and 80 plots (respectively) were established with two plot size: 2 × 2 meters and 4 × 4 meters (60 plots each). Numerical indices and diversity ordering curves were used to compare four habitats. Alpha and gamma species richness were determined by numerical indices and single sample rarefaction and pooled rarefaction curves were used to compare species richness and determine data adequacy. The results showed that the total species richness (gamma) varies between 51 and 54 species. The habitat with 80 plots has the highest richness and diversity (S=43 and H=3.27) and 20 plots has the lowest richness and diversity (S=6 and H=1.41). The results of SHE analysis showed that with the increase in the number of plots, species evenness decreased. The pooled refraction curve showed that by increasing the number of plot to 110, all plant species will be observed. With the increase in plot size all values of species richness and diversity indices increased significantly (p≤0.01). Species evenness indices were not affected by plot size. The results of the present research showed that the numerical indices of species richness and diversity are dependent on plot size, and this is one of the disadvantages of evaluating biodiversity in rangeland using numerical indices. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Sample size, Diversity profile, Refraction, Numerical index, Species richness | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Archaux, F. (2009). Could we obtain better estimates of plot species richness from multiple-observer plant censuses? Journal of Vegetation Science 20, 603–611. Arzani, H. (2009). Rangeland Assessment in Different climate areas –Iran. Tehran: Research Institute of forests and Rangelands of Iran, 200 p. (In Persian). Asghari Aghozgoleh, K., Jalilvand, H., & Asadi, H. (2022). Determining the contribution of the diversity of understory plant species in broadleaf and coniferous trees reforestation (case study: Colet Forest of Mazandaran). Environmental Sciences, 20(1), 129-150. doi: 10.52547/envs.2021.1048. (In Persian). Asri, Y. (1995). Phytocociology. Tehran: Researchs Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 134:285. (In Persian). Bagheri, A., Ghorbani, R., Bannayan Aval, M., & Schaffner, U. (2014). Effect of different levels of environmental protection on plant species diversity. Journal of Agroecology, 6(1), 60-69. doi: 10.22067/jag.v6i1.35674. (In Persian). Baraniyan, E., Bassiri, M., & Bashari, H. (2014). Effects of Plot Size and Shape on Sample Size in Vegetation Cover Measurements (Rangeland of Fereidan in Isfahan province). Journal of Rangeland, 8(1):25-36. Barrantes, G., & Sandoval, L. (2009). Conceptual and statistical problems associated with the use of diversity indices in ecology. Revista de Biología Tropical 57(3), 451-460. Bashalkhanov, S., Pandey, M., & Rajora, O. P. (2009). A simple method for estimating genetic diversity in large populations from finite sample sizes. BMC genetics, 10, 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-10-84 Bihamta, M.R. & Zare Chahouki, M.A. 2015. Principle of Statistic for the Natural Resources Science. Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 300p (In Persian). Bonham, C. D. (2013). Measurements for terrestrial vegetation, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Buzas, M. A. & Hayek, L. C. (1998). SHE Analysis for Biofacies Identification. Journal of Foraminiferal Research ,28 (3), 233–239. Chao, A. & Jost, L. (2015). Estimating diversity and entropy profiles via discovery rates of new species. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 873-882. Chao, A., Gotelli, N.J., Hsieh, T.C., Sander, E.L., Ma, K.H., Colwell, R.K. & Ellison, A.M. (2014). Chen, G., M. Kéry, J. Zhang & K. Ma. (2009). Factors affecting detection probability in plant distribution studies. Journal of Ecology, 97, 1383–1389. Chytrý, M. & Otýpková, Z. (2003). Plot sizes used for phytosociological sampling of European vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14(4), 563–570. Colwell, R.K., Chao, A., Gotelli, N.J., Lin, S.Y., Mao, C.X., Chazdon, R.L., & Longino, J.T. (2012). Cox, K. D., Black, M. J., Filip, N., Miller, M. R., Mohns, K., Mortimor, J., Freitas, T. R., Greiter Loerzer, R., Gerwing, T. G., Juanes, F., & Dudas, S. E. (2017). Community assessment techniques and the implications for rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers. Ecology and evolution, 7(24), 11213–11226. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3580 David, V. (2019). Statistics in Environmental Sciences. New York: Wiley. Eckblad, J. W. (1991). How many samples should be taken? Journal of Bioscience 41, 346–348. Ejtehadi, H., Sepehri A. & Akefi, H. R. (2009). Methods of measuring biodiversity. Mashhad: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publications. (In Persian). Fakhar Izadi, N., Naseri, K., & Mesdaghi, M. (2016). The Effects of Plot Size and Shape on Accuracy and Precision of Estimation of Production at Some Pastures by Sampling Simulation. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, 4 (14), 51-60. (In Persian). Fleishman, E., Noss, R. F. & Noon, B. R. (2006). Utility and limitations of species richness metrics for conservation planning. Journal of Ecological Indicators 6, 543-553. Gholami, P., Ghorbani, J., & Shokri, M. (2012). SHE analysis in defining species diversity of vegetation components in exclosure and grazing areas (case study: Mahoor, Mamasani Rangelands, Fars Province). Renewable Natural Resources Research, 3(2 (serial number 8)), 51-59. sid. https://sid.ir/paper/212390/en. (In Persian). Ghorbani, J. Taya, A. Shokri, M. & Naseri, H. R. (2011). Comparison of Whittaker and Modified-Whittaker plots to estimate species richness in semi-arid grassland and shrubland. Desert Journal, 16, (1),17-22. Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4. Hsieh, T. C., Ma, K. H. & Chao A. (2016). iNEXT: An R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity (Hill numbers). Journal of Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7(12), 1451-1456. Jafarian jelodar, Z., & Arzani, H. (2009). Floristic study and estimating species diversity indices in Taleghan subwatersheds. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 16(3), 317-328. (In Persian). Keeley, J. & Fotheringham, Cj. (2005). Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements. Journal of Vegetation Science, 16, 249-256. Kent, M. (2011). Vegetation Description and Data Analysis: A Practical Approach, 2nd Edition. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. Konopiński, M. K. (2020). Shannon diversity index: a call to replace the original Shannon's formula with unbiased estimator in the population genetics studies. PeerJ, 8, e9391. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9391 Krebs, C. J. (2014). Ecological Methodology, 3rd edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc. Leinster, T. & Cobbold, C. A. (2012). Measuring diversity: the importance of species similarity. Journal of Ecology, 93(3), 477-489. Magurran, A. E. (2013). Measuring biological diversity. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Mao, C. X. & Colwell, R. K. (2005). Estimation of species richness: mixture models, the role of rare species, and inferential challenges. Journal of Ecology, 86, 1143-113. McCabe, D. J. (2011). Sampling biological communities. Nature Education Knowledge, 3(10), 63. Mesdaghi, M., 2014. Plant ecology. Mashhad: Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. (In Persian). Mirzazadeh, A., Pourbabaei, H., Daryaei, MG. & Bonyad, A. (2022). Effects of plot size on assessment of tree species diversity in Caspian forests of Iran. Biodiversitas, 23, 4879-4886. Moghaddam, M. R. (2001). Quantitative Plant Ecology. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (In Persian). Moghaddam, M.R. & Ghorbani Pashakolaee, J. (2001). A Comparison of Different Plot Sizes and Shapes Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Kindt, R., & et al. (2022) Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R Package Version 2.6-4. http://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=vegan Omidzadeh Ardali, E., Zare Chahouki, A. M., Arzani, H., Ebrahimi, A. & Tahmasebi, P. (2017). Comparison of Performance of three the multi-scale plots for evalution of palnt diversity in Karsanak Rangeland of Shahrekord. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 30(1), 12-25. Paillet, Y., Bergès, L., Hjältén, J., Odor, P., Avon, C., Bernhardt-Römermann, M., Bijlsma, R. J., De Bruyn, L., Fuhr, M., Grandin, U., Kanka, R., Lundin, L., Luque, S., Magura, T., Matesanz, S., Mészáros, I., Sebastià, M. T., Schmidt, W., Standovár, T., Tóthmérész, B., & Virtanen, R. (2010). Biodiversity differences between managed and unmanaged forests: meta-analysis of species richness in Europe. Conservation biology: the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology, 24(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01399.x Pairanj, J., Ebrahimi, A., & Ranjbar, A. (2010). Rangeland management based on species diversity of rangeland types (Case study of Karsanak Rangeland of Chaharmahal-Va–Bakhtiari). Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 8(1), 48-58. (In Persian). Pavoine, S. (2020). adiv: Analysis of Diversity. R package version 2.0.1, URL: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=adiv>. Perrin, P. M. & S. Waldren. (2020). Vegetation richness and rarity in habitats of European conservation value in Ireland. Journal of Ecological indicators, 117, 106387. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106387 R Core Team, (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (2020). Rangeland Ecosystems Monitoring in different climatic regions of Iran. (In Persian). Rostampour, M. (2022). Rangeland Ecosystems Monitoring in different climatic regions of Iran, South Khorasan Province, Qaen Site. Tehran: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. (In Persian). Roswell, M., Dushoff, J., & Winfree, R. (2021). A conceptual guide to measuring species diversity. Oikos, 130, 321-338. Salarian, T., Jouri, M. H., Askarizadeh, D., & Mahmoudi, M. (2015). The Study of Diversity Indices of Plants Species Using SHE Method (Case Study: Javaherdeh Rangelands, Ramsar, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science, 5(1), 28-36. Smith, E. R. & van Belle, G. (1984). Nonparametric estimation of species richness. Journal of Biometrics, 40, 119-129. Stohlgren, T. J. (2007). Measuring plant diversity: lessons from the field. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Zhang, J., Nielsen, S. E., Grainger, T. N., Kohler, M., Chipchar, T., & Farr, D. R. (2014). Sampling plant diversity and rarity at landscape scales: importance of sampling time in species detectability. PloS one, 9(4), e95334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095334. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 138 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 180 |
||