A B S T R A C T
The CEPA program is part of the Ramsar Convention. This research was carried out with the aim of designing and validating the model of blended learning for local communities in the CEPA program of the international wetlands of Guatr wetland, Hamon International Wetlands Complex in Sistan and Baluchistan The current research was an applied and exploratory mixed method. Q method was used to extract key components. In the qualitative part, after evaluating and summarizing the discourse space, a questionnaire with 4 categories and 51 Q phrases was designed by ten experts from among 110 propositions. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was administered to 19 specialists of the CEPA program. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained with Cronbach's alpha (0.93). The model was validated using SPSS and AMOS software. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the model. The results of the factor analysis showed that the model of blended learning in local communities includes 4 main components as "communication and interaction," "education and information," "participation and cooperation," and "sustainable, practical action," and 36 key micro-components. According to the results, the micro-component of empowering local communities with the highest impact was placed as the first priority for the protection of wetlands in the region. Also, the relationship of the main components with each other is such that the communication and interactions that exist between local communities cause the growth of participation and cooperation between them. Protection of wetlands is provided
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The Ramsar Convention (1971) uses a strategic plan called CEPA to protect and wisely use wetlands. The implementation of this program requires public participation. Since many stakeholders have little information and even lack the necessary information in the field of biodiversity and wetlands, planners and decision-makers must increase their awareness. Therefore, in line with the importance of wetlands and their protection, with the presence of different countries, in the Ramsar Convention, the law for the protection and protection of biological diversity (NBASPs) and in line with that, the program of communication, education, participation, and awareness raising (CEPA) was approved. This program started in December 1998 in collaboration with the United Nations Development Program, the World Environment Facility, and the World Conservation Union. The components of the CEPA program are communication, which is related to the exchange of information, which is based on the creation of conversation and dialogue between the departments and stakeholders; education, developing knowledge, clarifying values; developing concerns about the environment and biodiversity, expanding attention and skills, and increasing responsibility in relation to the environment and biodiversity are pursued in this department; participation, this section helps different people to understand the issue and place it as a part of people's life concerns. In this section, it is possible for different people, groups, and organizations with different knowledge to share their information and practical action; at this stage, it is necessary to take action to change the state of biodiversity. This process is followed and implemented in this department because raising awareness alone is not enough and needs to change behavior and active response. The purpose of this research was to design a blended learning model based on the CEPA program for the local communities of the international wetlands of Goater and Khorbahu bays on the coast of Makran and Hamon wetlands in Sistan region and then to validate this educational model.
Methodology
The current research method is mixed, and the data collection is a descriptive survey. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The nature of the research was exploratory, and Q method was used. According to the Q method, the statistical population includes local communities and a statistical sample based on the targeted method of 19 people who are experts in the field of the CEPA program, working in the wetlands office of the country's environmental organization, the environmental department of Sistan and Baluchistan province, Zabul city, Chabahar city, and the Konark city was chosen. First, 4 main components were obtained from the integration of the IBM hybrid learning model and the CEPA program. Then, out of 110 statements extracted from different sources, 51Q statements were made available to experts in the form of an online questionnaire. Scoring was done, and 36 priority components were identified. Second-order factor analysis was used to analyze the collected data. Validation of collected data was done using SPSS and AMOS software. Cronbach's alpha method (0.93) was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire.
Results and discussion
In order to answer the first research question, the first category of communication and interaction, the second category of education and information, the third category of participation and cooperation, and the fourth category of sustainable, practical action were named as the main components of the model. The participants selected 36 key components and then prioritized them. In order to answer the second question of the research, in general, the micro-component of "empowerment of local communities" was placed as the first priority of the model of blended learning of local communities. To answer the third question of the research, validation of the blended learning model of local communities was done, and the fit of the whole model was acceptable.
Conclusion
The results showed that from the perspective of the participants, the first step to protect the international wetlands of Sistan and Baluchistan is to empower local communities. Choosing the sub-component "Identifying threats" as the priority in the education and information component is in line with Yavari et al.'s research(2017). According to the results, it is necessary to improve the social welfare of local communities in order to create partnership and cooperation that leads to sustainable, practical action, which is consistent with the research results of Hoshiar et al. (2020) and Haman (2018). The results of the validation of the local communities blended learning model showed that from the participant's point of view, in the local communities blended learning model, first attention should be paid to the provision of education and information on wetlands protection. Also, the relationship between the main components is such that the first focus of the CEPA program should be on creating connections and interactions between local communities. The current research seeks to provide a suitable platform for implementing the CEPA program in the region, and its findings are useful for educating stakeholders involved in the protection of other international wetlands of the country specified in each region's CEPA program. Based on the results of the research, the following practical suggestions are presented:
- Awareness raising and education of local communities should be done using different blended learning methods.
-Local communities should participate directly, educational trainers should be selected, and the CEPA experts should use their experiences.
-Ecosystem-based management should be used for wetland management and protection. This approach is one tool for achieving sustainable development.
-When implementing the CEPA program, attention should be paid to the key micro-components extracted from the blended learning model of local communities, and practical actions should be planned according to the priority cases.
- In order to continue the sustainable and continuous practical action, periodic brainstorming meetings should be held.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. |
- اسفیجانی، اعظم. (1397). بررسی تأثیر آموزش ترکیبی بر عملکرد تحصیلی و رضایت دانشجویان. مجله رویکردهای نوین آموزشی، 27(1)، 66-45 doi:10.22108/nea.2018.101686.1015
- امینی، ژاله؛ ملک محمدی، بهرام و جعفری، حمیدرضا. (1400). تدوین چارچوب مدیریت تالابها مبتنی بر رویکرد زیست بومی مطالعه موردی: تالاب بینالمللی انزلی. فصلنامه علوم و تکنولوژی محیطزیست، 10(23)، 132-11910.30495/jest.2022.50015.4957 doi:
- برنامه ساماندهی اسکله صیادی خلیج گواتر. (1397). طرح ملی حفاظت از تالابهای ایران. تهران: انتشارات سازمان محیطزیست.
- برنامه مدیریت جامع تالاب سولدوز. (1397). طرح ملی حفاظت از تالابهای ایران. تهران: نشر فروزش.
- حیدری، حسین؛ شکیبا، احمد؛ مداحی، جواد؛ کبیری، سعید و جهانی دولتآباد، اسماعیل. (1403). نیازسنجی و اولویتبندی نیازهای اجتماعات محلی با رویکرد ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان ملکشاهی، استان ایلام). پژوهشهای روستایی، 15(2)، 298-315. doi: 10.22059/jrur.2024.344068.1849
- خشنودی فر، مهرنوش؛ عرب نژاد، زهره؛ طهرانی، هادی و اکبری فارمد، سمیه. (1398). بررسی تأثیر آموزش ترکیبی در مقایسه با آموزش حضوری بر رفتارهای خود مراقبتی بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو. فصلنامه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت، 7(4) 342-333. doi:10.29252/ijhehp.7.4.333
- دریایی، نجمه؛ میردامادی، سیدمهدی؛ فرج اله حسینی، سیدجمال و رحیمی سوره، صمد. (1395). طراحی الگوی مدیریت مشارکتی شالیکاران با رویکرد پایداری اجتماعی در تالاب بینالمللی فریدونکنار. اولین کنفرانس بینالمللی تغییر اقلیم، 8 اسفندماه 1395، تهران.
- دفتر کنوانسیون رامسر. (1971). تالاب رامسر تعریف، طبقهبندی و معیارهای تالابهای مهم بینالمللی. پیوست 7. رامسر، ایران.
- دلیربوستانسرایی، سمانه، رضایی، مهدیه، لاریجانی، مریم، شبیری، سید محمد. (1403). طراحی و اعتبار یابی الگوی آموزش سازمانهای اجرایی در برنامه سیپا مبتنی بر یادگیری ترکیبی. فصلنامه آموزش علوم دریایی، 11(3)، 94-81. doi:10.22034/rmt.2024.544101.2174
- دلیربوستانسرایی، سمانه؛ رضایی، مهدیه؛ لاریجانی، مریم و شبیری، سید محمد. (1403). طراحی و اعتبار یابی الگوی آموزش ترکیبی سازمانهای آموزشی در راستای اهداف برنامه سیپا (مطالعه موردی: تالابهای بینالمللی استان سیستان و بلوچستان). مجله ایرانی آموزش از دور، (1)6، 20-1. doi:10.30473/idej.2024.67753.1155
- رشیدی، مریم. (1396). ارزیابی اثرات زیستمحیطی تالاب میانقران، ایذه، خوزستان. چهارمین کنفرانس بینالمللی برنامهریزی زیستمحیطی و مدیریت، 1 خرداد 1396، دانشگاه تهران.
- سلیمانی روزبهانی، محسن؛ اثناعشری، مهری و یممقانی، یوسف علی. (1396). راهنمای تهیه و تدوین برنامه مدیریت جامع تالابهای کشور. چاپ اول. تهران: نشر طلایی.
- سینایی، محمود؛ حسینی، اشرفعلی و دلیر بوستانسرایی، سمانه. (1399). ارزشگذاری اقتصادی کارکردهای غیر مصرفی (ارزش حفاظتی، میراثی و وجودی) منابع زیستمحیطی تالاب بینالمللی خلیج گواتر و خورباهو. فصلنامه علوم و تکنولوژی محیطزیست، 22 (3)، 335-347.10.22034/jest.2020.23924.3303 doi:
- سینایی، محمود؛ دلیربوستانسرایی، سمانه؛ پورمردان، وحید و حسینی، اشرفعلی. (1398). راهنمای تدوین برنامه آموزش، ارتباطات و آگاهیرسانی (CEPA) تالاب. چاپ اول. تهران: کتیبه نوین.
- صالحی عمران، ابراهیم و سالاری، ضیاءالدین. (1391). یادگیری ترکیبی؛ رویکردی نوین در توسعه آموزش و فرآیند یاددهی/یادگیری. فصلنامه راهبردهای آموزش، 5 (1)، 75-69.
- عابدی، طوبی و عابدین زاده، نیلوفر. (1400). تحلیل راهبردی برنامه CEPA تالاب امیرکلایه با ترکیب تکنیکهای SWOT-QSPM با هدف حفاظت و بهرهبرداری پایدار. نشریه محیطزیست طبیعی، 74(3)، 554-571. 10.22059/jne.2021.326630.2244 doi:
- عابدی، طوبی و جنسی، زهرا. (1399). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر تخریب تالاب با توجه به معیارهای پشتیبان تصمیمگیری سیپا با رویکرد دلفی فازی (مطالعه موردی: تالاب امیرکلایه، استان گیلان). مطالعات علوم محیطزیست، 5(2)،2596-2589.
- عجم، علیاکبر؛ جعفری ثانی، حسین و اکبری بورنگ، محمد. (1396). طراحی الگوی برنامه درسی آموزش ترکیبی برای نظام آموزش عالی بر اساس الگوی اکر. پژوهش در برنامهریزی درسی (دانش و پژوهش در علوم تربیتی-برنامهریزی درسی)، 14(26 (پیاپی 53)، 1-16.
- علائی، یونس؛ مفیدی چلان، مرتضی و شیدای کرکج، اسماعیل. (1403). نگرش جوامع محلی نسبت به اثربخشی اجتماعی - اقتصادی اقدامات احیائی و مشارکت در احیای دریاچه ارومیه. پژوهشهای روستایی، 15(2)، 334-349. doi:10.22059/jrur.2023.365099.1870
- فولادی، مهدی؛ مهدوی نجفآبادی، رسول؛ رضایی، مرضیه و مسلمی، حمید. (1399). تدوین راهبردهای مدیریتی حفاظت و احیای تالاب جازموریان با استفاده از مدل تصمیمگیری چندمعیاره VIKOR. کاوشهای جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی، 8(2)، 107-135. doi:10.22059/ije.2020.291492.1231
- قدرتی شجاعی، دلفان؛ ندرلو، نسترن و بلوکی کورنده، مهدی. (1400). بومسازگان مانگروی ایران؛ اهمیت، وضعیت فعلی و تهدیدات. مجله زیستشناسی ایران، 5 (9)، 111-125. doi: 20.1001.1.20089406.1400.5.9.15.1
- کریمی مونقی، حسین و محسنی زاده، سیدمصطفی. (1398). یادگیری تلفیقی و اثربخشی آن در آموزش پرستاری: مطالعه مروری، مجله توسعه آموزش جندیشاپور. فصلنامه مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی، (1)10، 40-29. doi:10.22118/edc.2019.89145
- محمدی پور زرندی، حسین؛ خراسانی، اباصلت و زمانی، حامد. (1396). رویکردهای نو در آموزش و توسعه منابع انسانی. چاپ اول، تهران: نشر آفتاب اندیشه.
- مهدوی، داوود؛ سجاسی قیداری، حمداله و محمودی، حمیده. (1398). تحلیل نگرش و رفتار زیست محیط گرایانه جوامع عشایری پس از اجرای طرح مدیریت مشارکتی جنگل و مرتع نمونه مطالعه: بخش بازفت استان چهارمحال و بختیاری. جغرافیا و برنامهریزی محیطی، 30(2 (پیاپی 74))، 135-155. doi:10.22108/gep.2019.118113.1174
- نجفی، حسین. (1398). ارائه مدل علی مؤلفههای تشکیلدهنده یادگیری ترکیبی و هوش هیجانی تأثیر آن بر عملکرد تحصیلی. مجله ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی، (82)19، 281-271.
- وفایی فر، گلاویژ؛ قادری، مصطفی و ملکی آوارسین، صادق. (1401). طراحی و اعتبار یابی الگوی ارزشیابی پیشرفت تحصیلی در کلاسهای چندپایه دوره ابتدایی. جامعهشناسی آموزشوپرورش، 8(2)، 133-142. doi:10.22034/ijes.2022.549731
- هوشیار محمود؛ آهنگری، اسماعیل و جوانبخت شینآباد، نسرین. (1400). جلب مشارکت جوامع محلی در توسعه اکوتوریسم تالابی (موردمطالعه: تالاب بینالمللی کانی برازان مهاباد). مجله اکوبیولوژی تالاب، ۱۳ (۱)،60-51.
- یاوری، ندا؛ میرک زاده، علیاصغر و زرافشانی، کیومرث. (1397). تحلیل سطح مشارکت روستاییان اطراف تالاب هشیلان و چالشها و راهکارهای حفاظت از دیدگاه آنها. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، به راهنمایی علیاصغر میرک زاده، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه.
- یعقوبی، جعفر و مولان نژاد، لقمان. (1396). بررسی نگرش کشاورزان به مشارکت در فرآیند حفظ و احیای دریاچه ارومیه و عوامل مرتبط با آن در شهرستان میاندوآب. مجله ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ایران، 13(1)، 47-58.
- Abedi, T., & Abedinzadeh, N. (2021). Strategic analysis of the CEPA program of Amirkalaye lagoon by combining SWOT-QSPM techniques with the aim of sustainable protection and exploitation. Journal of Natural Environment, 74(3), 554-571. doi:10.22059/jne.2021.326630.2244. [In Persian].
- Abedi, T & Gensi, Z. (2019). Investigating the factors affecting wetland destruction according to the decision support criteria of CEPA with a fuzzy Delphi approach (Case study: Amir Kalaye Wetland, Gilan Province). Environmental Science Studies, 5 (2), 2596-2589. [In Persian].
- Ajam, A., Jafari Thani, J., & Akbari Burang, M. (2016). Designing a model of the blended learning curriculum for the higher education system based on the Aker model. research in curriculum planning,14(2), 26-1. [In Persian].
- Alaei, Y., Mofidi Chelan, M., & Shidai Karakaj, I. (2024). The attitude of local communities towards the socio-economic effectiveness of restoration measures and participation in the restoration of Lake Urmia. Rural Research, 15(2), 334-349 doi:20.1001.1.20089406.1400.5.9.15.1. [In Persian].
- Amini, J., Malek Mohammadi, B., & Jafari, H,. (2021). Elaboration of wetlands management framework based on the ecological approach (case study: Anzali International Wetland). Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, 23(10), 119-132. doi:10.30495/jest.2022.50015.4957 [In Persian].
- Chaudhury, G., Upadhaya, K. (2016). Biomass and carbon stock in subtropical broad-leaved forest ecosystem of Meghalaya, Northeast India. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 42(2), 125-133.
- Cumming, G., Campbell, L., Norwood, C., Ranger, S., Richard-son, P., & Sanghera, A. (2022). Putting stakeholder engagement in its place: How situating public participation in community improves natural resource management outcomes.Geo Journal, 87(Suppl 2), 209-221. doi:10.1007/s10708-020-10367-1.
- Dalirbostansarai, S., Rezaei, Mahdieh., Larijani, Maryam., & Shobeiri, M. (2024). Designing and validating the training model of executive organizations in the CEPA program based on blended learning. Marine science education. doi:10.22034/rmt.2024.544101.2174 [In Persian].
- Dalirbostansarai, S., Rezaei, M., Larijani, M., & Shobeiri, M. (2024). Designing and validating the model of blended learning of educational organizations in line with the goals of the CEPA program (case study: international wetlands of Sistan and Baluchistan province). Iranian Journal of Distance Education, 6(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.30473/idej.2024.67753.1155 [In Persian].
- Daryai, N., Mirdamadi, M., Faraj Elah Hosseini, J., & Rahimi Soura, S. (2015). Designing a cooperative management model of rice farmers for social sustainability in Fereydon Kenar International Wetland. The first international climate change conference, March 8, 2015, Tehran. [In Persian].
- Esfijani, A. (2017). Investigating the effect of blended learning on academic performance and student satisfaction., New Educational Approaches, 27 (1), 45-66. doi:10.22034/rmt.2024.544101.2174. [In Persian].
- Finlayson, P., Davidson,P., & McInnes,R., (2010), The Ramsar Convention and urban wetlands: an opportunity for wetland education and training, People Politics and Wetlands, Chapter 1, 34.
- Fuladi, M., Mahdavi Najafabadi, R., Rezaei, M., & Muslimi, H,. (2019). Compilation of management strategies for protection and restoration of Jazmurian wetland using VIKOR multi-criteria decision making model. Geographical Explorations of Desert Regions, 8(2), 107-135. doi:10.22059/ije.2020.291492.1231 [In Persian].
- Ghudrati Shojaei, D., Nderlo, N., & Boloki-Korandeh, M. (2021). Iran's Mangrove Ecosystems; Importance, current situation and threats. Iranian Journal of Biology, 5(9), 111-125. doi: 20.1001.1.20089406.1400.5.9.15.1 [In Persian].
- Goatar Bay Fishing Wharf Organizing Program. (2008). Iran's National Wetlands Protection Plan. Tehran: Publications of the Environment Organization. [In Persian].
- Guan, W., Yin, M., He, T., & Xie, S. (2015). Influence of substrate type on microbial community structure in vertical-flow constructed wetland treating polluted river water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(20), 16202-16209.: doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5160-9
- Guzer, B., & Caner, H. (2014). The past, present and future of blended learning: An in depth analysis of literature. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4596–4603. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.992.
- Halverson, l., & Graham, C. (2019). Learner Engagement in Blended Learning Environments. Online Learning Journal, 23(2). doi:10.24059/olj.v23i2.1481.
- Hesselink, F., Goldstein, W., van Kempen, P. P., Garnett, T., & Dela, J. (2007). Communication, education and public awareness (CEPA): a toolkit for national focal points and NBSAP coordinators: IUCN CEC.
- Heydari, H., Shakiba, A., Madahi, J, Kabiri, S., & Jahani Daulatabad, I. (1403). Needs assessment and prioritization of the needs of local communities with the approach of rural participatory assessment (case study: Malekshahi city, Ilam province). Rural Research., 15(2), 298-315. doi:10.22059/jrur.2024.344068.1849 [In Persian].
- Hoshiar, M., Ahangari, E., Shinabad, N. (2021). Attracting the participation of local communities in the development of wetland ecotourism (case study: Brazan International Mineral Wetland of Mahabad). Wetland ecobiology, 13 (1), 51-60[In Persian].
- Ibrahim, I,. Ibrahim, N., & Andrew, M., (2012)., Education for Wetlands: Public Perception in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 42, 159-165. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.177.
- Karanja, J. (2018). Problems of public participation in the Ramsar CEPA programme at the Tana Delta, Kenya. Wetlands Ecol Manage, 26, 525–535. doi:10.1007/s11273-017-9589-0.
- Karimi Monghi, H., & Mohsenizadeh, m. (2018). Integrated learning and its effectiveness in nursing education: a review study. Journal of Jundishapour Education Development, 10(1), 29-40.doi:10.22118/edc.2019.89145. [In Persian].
- Khushnodifar, M., Arabnejad, V.,Tehrani, H., & Akbari Farmed, S. (2018). Investigating the effect of blended learning in comparison with face-to-face training on self-care behaviors of patients with type 2 diabetes. Health Education and Health Promotion Quarterly, 7(4), 342-333 doi: 10.29252/ijhehp.7.4.333 [In Persian].
- Lee, J. (2015). The governance of wetland ecosystems and the promotion of transboundary water cooperation–opportunities. presented by the Ramsar Convention. Water International. 40(1), 33-47 doi:10.1080/02508060.2014.989681
- Li, Y., Ye, Y., Fang, X., Zhang, C., & Zhao, Z. (2020). Loss of wetlands due to the expansion of polder in the Dongting Plain, China. Holocene 30, 646–656 https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619895574.
- Mahdavi, D., Sojasi Gheydari, H., & Mahmmodi, H. (2019). Analyzing Environmental Attitudes and Behavior of Nomadic Communities after the Implementation of Participatory Management Plan for Forest and Rangeland. Geography and Environmental Planning, 30(2), 135-156. doi:10.22108/gep.2019.118113.1174 [In Persian].
- Mohammadipour, Z., Hossein, Khorasani, A & Zamani, H., (2016). New approaches in training and development of human resources. First edition, Tehran: Aftab Andisheh. [In Persian].
- Najafi, H. (2017). The relationship between the dimensions and indicators of blended learning and the quality of learning in Payam Noor University. Information and Communication Technology Quarterly in Educational Sciences. 4(7), 59-80[In Persian].
- Narantuya Jugder,N. (2016). The thematic analysis of interview data: an approach used to examine the influence of the market on curricular provision in Mongolian higher education institution, National Academy of Governance of Mongolia.
- Ofei-manu,P., Shimano,S. (2013). Ramsar Wetlands-Rice Paddies and the Local Citizens of Osaki-Tajiri Area as a Social-Ecological System in the Context of ESD and Wetland CEPA, Global Environmental Research, Environmental Education Center, Miyagi University of Education, Japan, 14,155-166.
- Kaur, M. (2013). Blended learning- Its Challenges and Futures, Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 612-617. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.248
- Prahalad, V. N., & Kriwoken, L. K. (2010). Implementation of the Ramsar Convention on wetlands in Tasmania, Australia. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 13(3), 205-239.
- Ramsar Convention Bureau. (1971). Ramsar Wetland Definition, Classification and Criteria for Internationally Important Wetlands. Ramsar, Appendix 7, Iran.
- Rashidi, M. (2016). Assessment of environmental effects of Mianqran wetland, Izeh, Khuzestan. The fourth international conference on environmental planning and management. June 1, 2016, University of Tehran. [In Persian].
- Rutter, J. D., Dayer, A. A., & Raedeke, A. H. (2022). Ecological Awareness, Connection to Wetlands, and Wildlife Recreation as Drivers of Wetland Conservation Involvement. Wetlands, 42(2),1-14. doi:10.1007/s13157-021-01522-6
- Salehi Imran, A. Salari, Z. (2014). blended learning; A new approach in the development of education and process - teaching/learning. Education Strategies Quarterly, 5(1), 75-69 [In Persian].
- Sinaii, M., Dalirbustansaraei, S., Pourmardan, V., & Hosseini, A. (2017). Guide for compiling the training, communication and awareness program (CEPA) of Wetland., 1st edition., New inscription., 79- 120 [In Persian].
- Sinaii, M., Hosseini, A. & Dalirbustansaraei, S., (2018)., Economic valuation of the consumption functions (direct and indirect) of the environmental resources of the international wetland of Goatar Bay and Khor Bahu. Animal Environment Quarterly, 11 (3), 293-302. doi:10.22034/jest.2020.23924.3303 [In Persian].
- Soldoz Wetland Comprehensive Management Program. (2017). Iran's National Wetland Protection Plan. Tehran: Forozesh Publishing [In Persian].
- Soleimani Rozbahani, M., Athnaashari, M., Yammaghani, Y. (2016). Guide for preparation and compilation of the country's wetlands comprehensive management plan. first edition, Tehran, Golden publishing. [In Persian].
- Sutton-Grier, A., & Sandifer, P.A. (2018). Conservation of Wetlands and Other Coastal Ecosystems: a commentary on their Value to Protect Biodiversity, Reduce Disaster Impacts, and Promote Human Health and Well-Being. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/. doi:10.1007/s13157-018-1039-0
- Upadhaya, K., & Chaudhury, G. (2016). Biomass and carbon stock in subtropical broad-leaved forest ecosystem of Meghalaya, Northeast India. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 42(2), 125-133.
- Vafaifar, G., GHaderi, M., & Maleki Avarsin, S. (2021). Designing and validating the educational progress evaluation model in multi-grade classes of elementary school. Sociology of Education, 8(2), 133-142. doi:10.22034/ijes.2022.549731. [In Persian].
- Venkatesh, S., Rao, K., Nagaraja, H., Woolley, T., Alele, B., & Malau-Aduli, B., (2019), Factors Influencing Medical Students’ Experiences and Satisfaction with Blended Integrated E-Learning, Medical principle and practice doi:10.1159/000505210
- Yaghobi, J., & Molan Nejad, L. (2017). Assessing Attitudes of Farmers to Participate in the Process Preserving and Restoring Urmia Lake and Its Related Factors in Miandoab Township. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 13(1), 47-58 [In Persian].
- Yavari, N., Mirekzadeh, A., & Zarafshani, K. (2017). Analysis of the level of participation of the villagers around the Heshilan lagoon and the challenges and solutions to protect their point of view. Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, 13(1), 47-58[In Persian].
|