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ارزشیابی عملکرد زراعی، خصوصیات گیاه‌شناسی و ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و تغذیهای ماشک و نخود علوفهای در مقایسه با یونجه خشک | ||
| تولیدات دامی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 26، شماره 4، دی 1403، صفحه 419-434 اصل مقاله (1.69 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jap.2025.384484.623809 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جابر خانی یوسف رضا1؛ علی اسدی الموتی* 2؛ مجتبی یاری3؛ الیاس سلطانی4 | ||
| 1گروه علوم دام و طیور، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران. رایانامه: j_khani@ut.ac.ir | ||
| 2نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم دام و طیور، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران. رایانامه: a.alamouti@ut.ac.ir | ||
| 3گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. رایانامه: myari@malayeru.ac.ir | ||
| 4گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران. رایانامه: elias.soltani@ut.ac.ir | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: تغییر اقلیم موجب شده است تا تلاش‌های پژوهشی بسیاری معطوف به معرفی علف مناسب برای جایگزینی با علف رایج در جیره نشخوارکنندگان شود. در ایران، کشت یونجه در دهه گذشته به‌دلیل کمبود آب به‌شدت محدودشده درحالی‌که یونجه بخش مهمی از علوفه جیره گاوها است. این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد زراعی، خصوصیات گیاه‌شناسی، ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و تغذیهای دو رقم ماشک علوفهای (ماشک معمولی (Vicia sativa)) و ماشک گل خوشهای (Vicia villosa) و یک رقم نخود علوفهای (Pisum arvense) در مقایسه با یونجه (Medicago sativa) انجام شد. روش پژوهش: آزمایش به‌صورت یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار آزمایشی در سال 1399 اجرا و هر علف آزمایشی به مساحت یک هکتار کشت شد. مقدار بذر استفاده‌شده 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار و نوع خاک رسی-لومی بود. از هیچ کودی در آزمایش استفاده نشد و ماشک و نخود علوفهای در 50 درصد گلدهی و یونجه در اوایل گلدهی برداشت شد. یافته‌ها: به لحاظ تولید علوفه تازه و خشک عملکرد ماشک گلخوشهای در بین سایر علفها بالاتر بود (05/0>p). هم‌چنین شاخصهای بهرهوری فیزیکی و اقتصادی به‌ازای هر واحد آب مصرفی برای ماشک گلخوشه ای بیش‌ترین و برای یونجه کم‌ترین بود (05/0>p). درصد ماده آلی در علوفه یونجه و نخود (به‌ترتیب 6/89 و5/89 درصد ماده خشک) از ماشک گل خوشهای و معمولی (به‌ترتیب 6/86 و 4/85 درصد ماده خشک) بیش‌تر بود. پروتئین خام در علوفه ماشک معمولی 2/27 و در علف یونجه 9/17 درصد ماده خشک بود و نخود علوفهای (1/22) و ماشک گلخوشهای (7/22) مابین این دو بودند. بیش‌ترین NDF در علف ماشک گلخوشهای و یونجه (به‌ترتیب 1/41 و 2/41 درصد) و کم‌ترین NDF در علف ماشک معمولی با 6/36 درصد ماده خشک بود. در یونجه نسبت پروتئین محلول (بخش A) کم‌تر ولی نسبت بخش B2، B3 و C بیش‌تر از نخود و ارقام ماشک علوفهای بود. پتانسیل مصرف خوراک، ماده خشک و کل مواد مغذی قابل‌هضم، کیفیت نسبی علوفه، انرژی خالص شیردهی و شاخص نسبی کیفیت محاسبه‌شده برای ماشک معمولی بالاتر از سایر علفها بود (05/0>p). نتیجه‌گیری: تلفیق نتایج به‌دستبه‌دست‌آمده روی صفات زراعی، بهرهوری استفاده از آب و ارزش تغذیهای در این مطالعه، ماشک و نخود علوفهای را جایگزین بالقوهای برای یونجه در جیره گاوهای شیری معرفی میکند. پیشنهاد میشود برای تعیین اثرات عملکردی و نیز سطح مطلوب استفاده از آن‌ها در جیره، مطالعات روی دام زنده نیز انجام شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزش نسبی علوفه؛ ترکیب شیمیایی؛ عملکرد زراعی؛ کل ماده مغذی قابل هضم؛ لگوم کم آب‌بر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of agricultural yield, and morphological, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of vetches and fodder pea compared to Alfalfa hay | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Jaber Khani1؛ Ali Assadi-Alamouti2؛ Mojtaba Yari3؛ Elias Soltani4 | ||
| 1Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Aburaihan College of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. E-mail: j_khani@ut.ac.ir | ||
| 2Corresponding Author, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Aburaihan Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. E-mail: a.alamouti@ut.ac.ir | ||
| 3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran. E-mail: myari@malayeru.ac.ir | ||
| 4Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Aburaihan College of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. E-mail: elias.soltani@ut.ac.ir | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective: Climate change has intensified research efforts toward replacing alternative forages for traditional sources used in the diets of ruminants. In Iran, water scarcity has severely limited alfalfa cultivation during the past decade, despite that it has been traditionally fed as a main portion of cattle diets. The aims of this study were to evaluate the agricultural performance, botanical characteristics, and chemical and nutritional value of two varieties of fodder vetch (Common vetch (Vicia sativa) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa)) and one variety of fodder pea (Pisum arvense) as compared to alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa). Method: The experiment was carried out in 2020, as a completely randomized design, with each of the four legume crops cultivated on one hectare as the experimental treatments. The seeding rate was 60 kg/ ha and the soil type was loamy-clay. Results: The results indicated that both fresh and dry forage yields from hairy vetch were significantly higher than those of the other forages (p<0.05). Additionally, hairy vetch exhibited the highest physical productivity (crop yield per unit water) and economic productivity (benefit per unit water), while alfalfa had the lowest values for the latter parameters (p<0.05). Alfalfa and fodder pea contained the highest quantities of organic matter (89.6% and 89.5% of dry matter, respectively), followed by hairy and common vetch (86.6% and 85.4% of dry matter, respectively). Common vetch fodder contained 27.2% crude protein, while alfalfa contained 17.9%. Fodder peas and hairy vetch contained 22.1% and 22.7% crude protein, respectively. The highest neutral detergent fiber content was found in hairy vetch and alfalfa (41.1% and 41.2%, respectively), whereas the lowest was observed in common vetch fodder at 36.6% of dry matter. Alfalfa had lower soluble protein content (fraction A) but higher contents of protein fractions B2, B3, and C, compared to fodder peas and fodder vetch varieties. Nutritional parameters estimated from equations developed for forages showed that common vetch had superior feed consumption potential, digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrients, relative forage quality, net energy for lactation, and relative feed quality across treatments (p<0.05). Conclusions: Favorable nutritional characteristics of the experimental forages combined with agronomic yield parameters, and water utilization efficiency led to the conclusion that the legume crops studied in this experiment were potentially comparable to alfalfa for ruminant diets. In vivo studies are needed to further explore the performance effects of these legumes and their optimal inclusion levels as forage substitutes for alfalfa. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agronomic performance, chemical composition, low water-intensive legumes, relative feed value, total digestible nutrients | ||
| مراجع | ||
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