پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 162 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,623 |
| تعداد مقالات | 71,544 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 126,887,076 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 99,930,556 |
الگوهای استقراری از دورۀ مس‌وسنگ جدید تا عصر مفرغ جدید در دشت گرگان (حدود ۳۲۰۰-۱۶۰۰ پ. م.) | ||
| مطالعات باستان شناسی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 35، آذر 1403، صفحه 121-149 اصل مقاله (1.33 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jarcs.2025.388987.143333 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| کایل جرج اولسون* | ||
| مدرس باستان‌شناسی، گروه انسان‌شناسی، دانشگاه واشنگتن در سنت لوئیس، آمریکا. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دشت گرگان در استان گلستان، یکی از غنی‌ترین مناطق باستان‌شناسی در ایران به‌شمار می‌رود. با توجه به اقلیم مساعد آن، دشت گرگان برای هزاران سال مکانی جذاب برای سکونت روستاییان کشاورز بوده است. در قرن نوزدهم و بیستم میلادی، این منطقه توجه سیاحان و باستان‌شناسان اروپایی را به خود جلب کرد که آنان مجذوب دیوار بزرگ گرگان، بقایای شهرهای قرون وسطایی و هم‌چنین صدها تپۀ باستانی که موجود در دشت گرگان شدند. با این‌حال، باوجود بیش از یک‌صد سال بررسی باستان‌شناسی در دشت گرگان، هنوز اطلاعات بسیار کمی درمورد روندهای تاریخی سکونت قبل از عصر آهن وجود دارد. با استفاده از یکپارچگی دیجیتال پنج بررسی قبلاً منتشر شده از دشت گرگان و یک روش جدید بررسی از راه دور با استفاده از گوگل ارث، برای اولین‌بار امکان انجام یک توصیف بنیادی از الگوهای سکونت دیرینه‌تاریخی دشت گرگان فراهم شده است. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Late Chalcolithic to Late Bronze Age Settlement Patterns in the Gorgan Plain (ca. 3200-1600 BCE) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Kyle .G. Olson | ||
| Lecturer in Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The Gorgan Plain in Golestan Province is one of the most archaeologically rich regions in Iran. Given its favorable climate, the Gorgan Plain has been an attractive location for settlement by agricultural villagers for millennia. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the region attracted the attention of European travelers and archaeologists, who were fascinated by the Great Gorgan Wall, the remains of medieval cities, as well as the hundreds of ancient mounds that dot the plain. Despite over one hundred years of archaeological survey in the Gorgan Plain, however, we still know very little about historical trends in settlement before the Iron Age. Through the digital integration of five previously published surveys of the Gorgan Plain and a novel remote survey methodology using Google Earth, it has been possible for the first time to perform a basic characterization of the late prehistoric settlement patterns of the Gorgan Plain. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Settlement Patterns, Legacy Data, Digital Survey, Gorgan Plainm Chalcolithic, Bronze Age | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abbasi, Q.-A., (2011). “Final Report on the Archaeological Excavations at Narges Tappeh, Gorgan Plain”. Gorgan, IR: Administration of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism of Golestan Province. - Abbasi, Q.-A., (2016). Archaeological Achievements on the Gorgan Plain (Verkhana). Tehran: Iran Negar Publications. - Alcock, S. E. & John, F., Ch., (eds). (2004). Side-by-Side Survey: Comparative Regional Studies in the Mediterranean World. Oxford: Oxbow. - Allison, P., (2008). “Dealing with Legacy Data - an Introduction”. Internet Archaeology, 24. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.24.8. - Arne, T. J., (1935). “The Swedish Archaeological Expedition to Iran 1932-33”. Acta Archaeologica, 6: 1–48. - Arne, T. J., (1945). Excavations at Shah Tepe, Iran. Stockholm: The Sino-Swedish Expedition Publication 27. - Asadi, S., Moore, F. & Keshavarzi, B., (2013). “The Nature and Provenance of Golestan Loess Deposits in Northeast Iran: LOESS DEPOSITS, FELSIC SOURCE ROCK, GOLESTAN PROVINCE”. Geological Journal, 48 (6): 646–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2466. - Biscione, R., (1977). “The Crisis of Central Asia Urbanization in II Millennium BC and Villages as an Alternative System”. In: Le Plateau Iranien et L’Asie Centrale Des Origines a La Conquete Islamique - Leurs Relations a La Lumiere Des Documents Archeologiques, edited by Jean Deshayes, 113. Paris: CNRS. - Bode, C. A. de., (1844). “On a Recently Opened Tumulus in the Neighbourhood of Asterabad, Communicated by R. Smith”. Archaeologia, 30: 235–48. - Bylin-Althin, M., (1937). “Keramische Funde von Den Tepe’s Der Turkmensteppe”. Svenska Orientsallskapet, 26–38. - Drennan, R. D., Adam Berrey, C. & Christian, E. P., (2015). Regional Settlement Demography in Archaeology. Principles of Archaeology. Clinton Corners, New York: Eliot Werner Publications, Inc. - Franklin, K. & Hammer, E., (2018). “Untangling Palimpsest Landscapes in Conflict Zones: A ‘Remote Survey’ in Spin Boldak, Southeast Afghanistan”. Journal of Field Archaeology, 43 (1): 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2017.1414522. - Green, A. S. & Petrie, C. A., (2018). “Landscapes of Urbanization and De-Urbanization: A Large-Scale Approach to Investigating the Indus Civilization’s Settlement Distributions in Northwest India”. Journal of Field Archaeology, 43 (4): 284–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2018.1464332. - Hammer, E. & Lauricella, A., (2017). “Historical Imagery of Desert Kites in Eastern Jordan”. Near Eastern Archaeology, 80 (2): 74–83. https://doi.org/10.5615/neareastarch.80.2.0074. - Hammer, E., Seifried, R., Franklin, K. & Lauricella, A., (2018). “Remote Assessments of the Archaeological Heritage Situation in Afghanistan”. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 33 (September): 125–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.12.008. - Hedin, S., (1918). Eine Routenaufnahme Durch Ost-Persien. Stockholm: Generalstabens litografiska anstalt. - Helama, S., (2024). “The 4.2 Ka Event: A Review of Palaeoclimate Literature and Directions for Future Research”. The Holocene, June, 09596836241254486. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836241254486. - Hiebert, F. T., (1994). Origins of the Bronze Age Civilization in Central Asia. American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 42. Cambridge: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. - Kakroodi, A. A., Kroonenberg, S. B., Hoogendoorn, R. M., Mohammd Khani, H., Yamani, M., Ghassemi, M. R. & Lahijani, H. A. K., (2012). “Rapid Holocene Sea-Level Changes along the Iranian Caspian Coast”. Quaternary International, 263 (June): 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.12.021. - Kaniewski, D., Van Campo, E., Guiot, J., Le Burel, S., Otto, T. & Baeteman, C., (2013). “Environmental Roots of the Late Bronze Age Crisis”. PLoS ONE, 8: e71004. - Karimi, A., Khademi, H., Kehl, M. & Jalalian, A., (2009). “Distribution, Lithology and Provenance of Peridesert Loess Deposits in Northeastern Iran”. Geoderma, 148 (3–4): 241–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.10.008. - Kayani, M. Y., (1974). “Preliminary Report on Surveys of the Gorgan Plain”. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Symposium on Archaeological Research in Iran, edited by F. Bagherzadeh: 147–58. Tehran: The Iran Bastan Museum. - Kohl, Ph. L., (1984). Central Asia Palaeolithic Beginnings to the Iron Age. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civiisations. - Kohl, Ph. L., (2007). The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia. Cambridge: Cambridge World Archaeology. - Lawrence, D., Bradbury, J. & Dunford, R., (2012). “Chronology, Uncertainty and GIS: A Methodology for Characterising and Understanding Landscapes of the Ancient Near East”. eTopoi Journal for Ancient Studies, 3: 353–59. - Leroy, S. A. G., Amini, A., Gregg, M. W., Marinova, E., Bendrey, R., Zha, Y., Naderi Beni, A. & Fazeli Nashli, H., (2019). “Human Responses to Environmental Change on the Southern Coastal Plain of the Caspian Sea during the Mesolithic and Neolithic Periods”. Quaternary Science Reviews 218 (August): 343–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.038. - Leroy, S. A. G., Kakroodi, A. A., Kroonenberg, S., Lahijani, H. K., Alimohammadian, H. & Nigarov, A., (2013). “Holocene Vegetation History and Sea Level Changes in the SE Corner of the Caspian Sea: Relevance to SW Asia Climate”. Quaternary Science Reviews, 70: 28–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.004. - Mahfroozi, A., (2003). “A Preliminary Report on the archaeological surveys and excavations in Eastern Mazandaran”. Archaeological Reports, 2: 263–78. - Morgan, J. de., (1896). Mission Scientifique En Perse, 1894-1895. Paris. - Mortezaei, M., & Farhani, A., (2008). “Achievements of Archaeological Research in the County of Gonbad‐e Kavvus”. Journal of the Faculty of Letters and Humanities, 59 (184–185): 171–91. - Mousavi, A., (2008). “Late Bronze Age in North-Eastern Iran: An Alternative Approach to Persisting Problems”. Iran, 46: 105–20. - Ohtsu, T., Furuse, K., Adachi, T., Karami, M., Nojima, H., Arimatsu, Y. & Wakiyama, K., (2010). Preliminary Report of the Iran Japan Joint Research Study of the Gorgan Material in the National Museum of Iran. Tehran. - Ohtsu, T., Furuse, K., Adachi, T., Karami, M., Nojima, H., Arimatsu, Y., Wakiyama, K., Yokoyama, E. & Imafuku, T., (2012). Supplementary Report of the Iran-Japan Joint Research Study of the Gorgan Material in the National Museum of Iran. Tehran. - Piller, Ch. K., (2012). “Landscape Archaeology South of the Caspian Sea: Some New Insights”. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 12 April – 16 April 2010, the British Museum and UCL, London, edited by: Roger Matthews and John Curtis, 3: 119–34. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. - Rabino, H.L. 1928. Mazanderan and Astarabad. Gibb Memorial, New Series VII. - Ran, M. & Chen, L., (2019). “The 4.2 Ka BP Climatic Event and Its Cultural Responses”. Quaternary International, 521 (June): 158–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.030. - Sauer, E. W., Omrani Rekavandi, H., Wilkinson, T. J. & Nokandeh, J., (2013). Persia’s Imperial Power in Late Antiquity: The Great Wall of Gorgan and Frontier Landscapes of Sasanian Iran. Oxford: Oxbow Books. - Shiomi, H., (1976). Archaeological Map of the Gorgan Plain, Iran. V. 1, Hiroshima: University of Hiroshima. - Shiomi, H., (1978). Archaeological Map of the Gorgan Plain, Iran. V. 2, Hiroshima: University of Hiroshima. - Shumilovskikh, L. S., Hopper, K., Djamali, M., Ponel, Ph., Demory, F., Rostek, F., Tachikawa, K. et al., (2016). “Landscape Evolution and Agro-Sylvo-Pastoral Activities on the Gorgan Plain (NE Iran) in the Last 6000 Years”. The Holocene 26 (10): 1676–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616646841. - Thomas, D. C. & Kidd, J. F., (2017). “On the Margins: Enduring Pre-Modern Water Management Strategies In and Around the Registan Desert, Afghanistan”. Journal of Field Archaeology, 42 (1): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2016.1262188. - Thompson, L. S., (1938). “Geological Evidence for Ancient Civilization on the Gurgan Plain”. Bulletin of the American Institute for Iranian Art and Archaeology, 5 (3): 193–200. - Tosi, M., 1974. “The Northeastern Frontier of the Ancient Near East: Marginal Notes to V.M. Masson’s and V.I. Sarianidi’s Central Aisa. Turkmenia before the Achaemenids, London 1972”. Mesopotamia, VIII–IX: 21–76. - Tosi, M., (1977). “The Archaeological Evidence for Protostate Structures in Eastern Iran and Central Asia at the End of the 3rd Millennium BC”. In: Le Plateau Iranien et L’Asie Centrale Des Origines a La Conquete Islamique - Leurs Relations a La Lumiere Des Documents Archeologiques, edited by Jean Deshayes, 45–66. Paris: CNRS. - Tosi, M., 1986. “The Archaeology of Early States in Middle Asia”. Oriens Antiquus, 25: 153–87. - Weiss, H., ed. (2012). Seven Generations since the Fall of Akkad. Studia Chaburensia, volume 3. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. - Witcher, R., (2008). “(Re)Surveying Mediterranean Rural Landscapes: GIS and Legacy Survey Data”. Internet Archaeology, 24. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.24.2. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 114 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 31 |
||
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب