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تحلیل عوامل روانشناختی مؤثر بر رفتار حفاظت از آب در بین کشاورزان شهرستان دلفان | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 15 بهمن 1403 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2025.382635.1984 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضوان قنبری موحد* 1؛ مهدی رحیمیان2؛ طیبه فلاحیان2؛ فاطمه رحیمی فیض آبادی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران | ||
| 2گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از مهمترین مسائلی که طی دهه‌های اخیر در جهان نمود یافته و محیط زیست را با محدودیت مواجهه ساخته است کاهش منابع آبی است. منابع آبی به عنوان یکی از ضروری ترین عناصر توسعه به ویژه در بخش کشاورزی به شمار می رود. بنابراین رفتار حفاظت از آب درمیان کشاورزان برای تضمین پایداری درازمدت کشاورزی بسیار مهم است. لذا هدف این تحقیق تحلیل رفتار حفاظت از آب در بین کشاورزان شهرستان دلفان واقع در استان لرستان هست. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه کشاورزان گندمکار آبی شهرستان دلفان (N=3614) هست که بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 350 نفر از کشاورزان با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای با انتساب متناسب به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. جهت جمع آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه استاندارد تئوری توسعه یافته رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری با به کارگیری نرم افزار Smart PLS4 استفاده شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بر اساس تئوری توسعه یافته رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده، متغیرهای نگرش و هنجارهای توصیفی، هنجارهای تأکیدی و قصد تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر رفتار داشتند و در مجموع قادر بودند 33 درصد از تغییرپذیری متغیر رفتار را پیش‌بینی نمایند. بنابراین، تلاش‌ها برای ترویج حفاظت از آب کشاورزی باید رویکردی چند وجهی داشته باشد، با تمرکز بر تقویت قصد، نگرش‌های مثبت، و استفاده از هنجارهای اجتماعی توصیفی و تأکیدی برای ایجاد محیطی که برای استفاده پایدار از آب مفید باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حفاظت از آب؛ رفتار حفاظتی کشاورزان؛ تئوری رفتار برنامه ریزی شده؛ هنجارهای توصیفی؛ هنجارهای تاکیدی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of Psychological Factors Affecting Water Conservation Behavior among Farmers in Delfan County | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| rezvan Ghanbari Movahed1؛ Mehdi Rahimian2؛ tayebeh Fallahian2؛ Fatemeh Rahimi Fizabad2 | ||
| 1Associate Prof., Department of agricultural economics and rural development, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Today, the reduction of water resources is one of the most critical threats to humans and living organisms and, at the same time, a serious global challenge in the current era. On the other hand, the increasing water shortage is one of the most important bottlenecks in agricultural development. Irrigated agriculture accounts for a major share of water consumption and surface and groundwater withdrawal. This is especially true in developing countries that have faced severe water shortages in recent years due to poor utilization of water resources and low acceptance of improved methods. Available statistics show that Iran is one of the countries with severe water stress in terms of water resources and also faces water shortages due to its location in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East and frequent droughts so its average annual rainfall reaches 250 mm. In Iran, 70 percent of total water withdrawal is carried out by agricultural activities. In the agricultural sector, factors such as the lack of cropping patterns appropriate to the water conditions of the target areas and the low productivity of traditional irrigation systems have exacerbated the water crisis in most parts of Iran. Therefore, the conservation of water resources by farmers is very important for the success of water conservation programs in Iran and should be one of farmers' main responsibilities and goals. However, growing literature shows that farmers' adoption of water conservation technologies requires an understanding of the conditions under which the adoption of water conservation technologies occurs. Understanding farmers' behavior is an important part of the decision-making process, so examining farmers' perceptions of water conservation and the adoption of water conservation practices is essential. By understanding how farmers use and manage water, decision-makers can identify gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices that hinder efficient water use. This insight helps inform policies that promote sustainable agricultural practices and ensure long-term water availability. In addition, it supports the development of incentives and subsidies that encourage the adoption of water-saving technologies. Adapting educational programs and extension services based on farmers' behavior can also improve outreach efforts. Furthermore, effective analysis allows policymakers to design region-specific solutions, addressing the unique challenges of different farming communities. Thus, this research aims to analyze the factors influencing water conservation behavior among farmers in Delfan County. Methodology This research is applied in terms of its purpose, in terms of controlling variables, in terms of field-based, and in terms of collecting statistical data; it is non-experimental (descriptive research). Survey and correlational research methods were used to achieve the research objectives. The statistical population of this research was irrigated wheat farmers in Delfan County, Lorestan Province, which, according to the statistics obtained, was 3614 people. The sample size was determined as 350 people using the Krejcie and Morgan table. A three-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the research samples. The instrument of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire whose items were designed based on the components of the developed theory of planned behavior and previous studies. The validity of the research instrument was examined using experts, researchers, and professors' opinions on water engineering, rural development, and agriculture. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability, and the values obtained were within the desired range (above 0.7). Mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis. The correlation test was used in the inferential analysis section, and the structural equation modeling method was used using Smart-PLS4 software to test the research hypotheses. Results and discussion The results showed that attitude and descriptive norms variables had a positive and significant effect on intention and jointly predicted 52.2% of the variance in the intention variable. However, the grammatical norms, self-efficacy, and perceived behavioral control variables did not have a significant effect on intention, and these hypotheses were not confirmed. On the other hand, the intention and grammatical norms variables had a positive and significant direct effect on behavior. They predicted a total of 33.2% of the variance in the behavior variable. The results of structural equation modeling showed that behavioral intention plays the most positive and significant role in predicting actual water conservation behavior among farmers. This means that farmers with a strong intention or desire to conserve water are more likely to engage in actions that reflect this intention. Furthermore, to increase water conservation behavior, efforts should focus on strengthening farmers’ intentions to conserve water. This can be achieved by creating programs that foster strong personal commitment, such as pledges or goal setting, and by aligning conservation practices with farmers’ values or long-term benefits (such as cost savings or increased productivity). The results also showed that farmers’ attitudes toward water conservation are key in shaping their intention to adopt these behaviors. Farmers who have a positive attitude towards water conservation are more likely to engage in water conservation practices. This highlights the importance of psychological and perceptual factors in influencing behavior, possibly more than external factors such as policy or economic incentives. Therefore, programs and interventions should focus on changing farmers’ attitudes to strengthen water conservation efforts. The results also showed that descriptive norms have a positive and significant effect on farmers’ intention to engage in water conservation behavior. In other words, when farmers observe or believe that their peers or other farmers are conserving water, they are more likely to adopt similar conservation behaviors. So, to encourage widespread water conservation, it is important to create visible examples of farmers adopting these practices. This means that farmers are more likely to engage in water conservation if they believe their community, peers, or influential figures expect or encourage them to do so. Farmers’ water conservation behavior is strongly influenced by social approval and perceived obligations. Conclusion Ultimately, promoting water conservation among farmers requires cultivating strong personal intentions and positive attitudes and exercising social influence through descriptive and affirmative norms. Programs encouraging peer participation, community expectations, and positive attitudes toward conservation can significantly increase farmer participation in water conservation practices. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Water conservation, conservation behavior of farmers, theory of planned behavior, descriptive norms, injunctive norms | ||
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