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نیت کشاورزان به سازگاری با تغییرات اقلیمی، کاربرد مدل توسعه یافته تلفیق تئوری‌های رفتار برنامه ریزی شده و انگیزش حفاظت | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| دوره 16، شماره 2، مرداد 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2024.373693.1923 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اصغر باقری* 1؛ نیر امامی2 | ||
| 1گروه آب و مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورز، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در سال‌های اخیر تغییر اقلیم به یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های جهانی و تهدید کننده محیط‌زیست و امنیت غذایی جهانی تبدیل گردید. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی نیت و رفتار سازگاری کشاورزان شهرستان مشکین‌شهر با تغییرات اقلیم با استفاده از مدل توسعه یافته تلفیقی نظریه‌های رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده و انگیزش حفاظت پرداخت. نتایج نشان داد که مدل فوق 84% از واریانس نیت و نیت نیز 56% از واریانس رفتار را تبیین کرده‌است. آسیبپذیری درک‌شده مهم‌ترین عامل تاثیرگذار بر نیت سازگاری بود. شدت درک‌شده تاثیر معنی‌داری بر نیت نداشت که نشان می‌دهد اگرچه کشاورزان تاحدودی بر آسیبپذیری از تغییرات اقلیمی واقف بودند، آگاهی چندانی در زمینه شدت اثرات و پیامدهای تغییرات اقلیم نداشتند. از آنجا که تغییرات اقلیمی اثرات تدریجی بر زندگی کشاورزان دارد و کشاورزان درک کاملی از این موضوع ندارند، لازم است از طریق رسانه‌های جمعی، فیلم‌های آموزشی و سایر پیکارهای ترویجی، کشاورزان با شدت اثرات این تغییرات آشنا شوند. خود-کارآمدی تاثیر معنی‌داری بر نیت داشت لذا، آموزش‌های ترویجی باید بتواند توانمندی لازم برای کاربست فنون سازگاری به طریقی آسان و کم هزینه ایجاد کند. تاثیر نگرش بر نیت نشان داد که لازم است نگرش کشاورزان نسبت به تغییرات آب‌و‌هوایی اصلاح شود. با توجه به تاثیر اعتماد و باور بر نیت کشاورزان، لازم است باور کشاورزان به اهمیت و اثرات ناگوار این تغییرات تقویت شود و کارشناسان اعتماد کشاورزان را نسبت به اثربخشی شیوه‌‌های سازگاری با تغییرات اقلیمی جلب نمایند. از نظر جنسیت، تحصیلات، محل سکونت و تعداد اعضای خانوار تفاوت‌های معنی‌داری در نیت سازگاری کشاورزان با تغییرات اقلیمی یافت شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آسیبپذیری؛ محیط‌زیست؛ رفتار سازگاری؛ نظریه‌های رفتاری؛ اقدامات حفاظتی. خود-کارآمدی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Farmers’ intention to adapt to climate change, application of an extended version of integrated planned behavior and protection motivation theories | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Asghar Bagheri1؛ naierer emami2 | ||
| 1Department of Water and Agricultural Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili | ||
| 2Ph.D. Student of Agricultural Development, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University (BASU), Hamedan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Global climate change has increasingly emerged as one of the most significant global challenges threatening the environment and global food security, particularly in less developed regions. The direct impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector include food insecurity, an increase in pests and diseases that negatively impact agricultural productivity, increased erosion and a decline in soil fertility. It is important to mitigate these impacts by enabling farmers to adapt and cope with the negative impacts on agriculture and their livelihoods. Effective adaptation can significantly reduce the magnitude of climate change impacts. Adaptation refers to actions to maintain a system's ability to cope with climate change. It can significantly reduce vulnerability to change and protect the rural community in mitigating potential risks and coping with the negative consequences of change. Various theories and models have been developed to analyze people's intentions and behaviors. Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the most widely used theories. It assumes that a person's intention to engage in a certain behavior is influenced by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), developed by Davis et al. (2015), was used to assess how motivation influences individuals' health behaviors. The PMT consists of two components: threat appraisal, which is measured by perceived threat and perceived severity, and coping appraisal, which is measured by self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost. This study used an extended model integrating TPB and PMT to examine farmers' intentions and behaviors related to climate change adaptation. Methodology This study was conducted in Meshkinshahr County. A cross-sectional survey method utilizing a multi-stage sampling strategy was employed for data collection. The statistical population comprised orchard farmers in the county. A sample of 220 farmers was selected using the Cochran formula. The research instrument was a questionnaire. It developed based on the study's theoretical framework and a comprehensive literature review. The questionnaire included the respondents' socioeconomic characteristics and eight model constructs. A panel of experts validated the research tool. A pilot study was conducted with 30 farmers outside the sample area to test the validity of the questionnaire and make any necessary corrections. The calculated alpha values for all constructs were above 0.7, indicating acceptable reliability of the research instrument. SPSS version 22 was used for initial statistical analyses, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with PLS software was utilized to model and predict the effects of factors influencing farmers' intentions and behaviors regarding adaptation. The goodness of fit for the model was assessed first. The reliability of the research model was confirmed using composite reliability coefficients and Cronbach's alpha. Indicators of discriminant validity, as well as convergent and divergent validity, were employed to evaluate the model's validity. Results and Discussion The results indicated that, with the exception of perceived severity, all hypotheses of the study were confirmed, explaining 84% of the variance in intention. The perceived vulnerability had the most significant impact on farmers' intentions, suggesting that their willingness to adapt to climate change largely depends on their perception of vulnerability. The significant effect of attitude on intention implies that a positive attitude toward new ideas leads to better preparation and a greater intention to implement them. Self-efficacy also significantly affected intention, indicating that individuals with higher perceived self-efficacy are more likely to seek coping strategies and take adaptation measures when facing challenges such as climate change. The significant influence of trust on intention shows that farmers are more inclined to adapt when they trust government officials and agricultural experts. Furthermore, the positive effect of belief in climate change on intention highlights that as farmers increasingly recognize changing climate conditions, they are more willing to adapt. This finding underscores the necessity for extension services to provide relevant information that aids farmers in adapting to climate change. Conversely, the lack of a significant effect of perceived severity on intention may stem from inadequate policy interventions and farmers' limited understanding of climate change. Additionally, behavioral intention positively affected actual adaptation behavior, explaining 56% of the variance in that behavior, thus confirming the foundational premise of the TPB. Moreover, significant differences in socioeconomic variables were evident among farmers based on gender, education, family size, and place of residence. Male and more educated farmers and those with larger families in rural areas were more likely to adapt to climate change. Conclusion Utilizing an extended model of the integrated TPB-PMT, this study explored farmers' intentions and behaviors related to climate change adaptation in Meshkinshahr County. The model successfully explained variance in farmers’ intentions, which in turn accounted for 56% of the variance in behavior. The findings offer new insights into the effectiveness of these theories in predicting farmers’ intentions and their adoption of climate change adaptation strategies, with important implications for agricultural policy and extension services. Among the model constructs, perceived vulnerability emerged as the most crucial factor influencing intention, while perceived severity showed no significant impact, indicating that farmers are somewhat aware of their vulnerability to climate change but lack sufficient knowledge of the severity of its consequences. As climate change continues to affect the agricultural sector, it is vital to conduct extension campaigns to educate and prepare farmers for adaptation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Vulnerability, Environment, Adaptive Behavior, Behavioral Theories, Protective Measures | ||
| مراجع | ||
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