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ویژگی‌های یک خاک آهکی و جذب کلسیم، پتاسیم و سدیم به‌وسیله ذرت (Zea mays L.) با کاربرد بیوچارهای کود گوسفند و سبوس برنج | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 55، شماره 11، بهمن 1403، صفحه 2209-2223 اصل مقاله (1.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2024.380679.669777 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی نجفی قیری* 1؛ حمیدرضا بوستانی2؛ احسان بیژن زاده3 | ||
| 1دانشیار بخش علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| 2بخش علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب، ایران | ||
| 3بخش اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جذب متعادل کاتیون‌ها در خاک‌های آهکی می‌تواند تحت تأثیر غلظت بالای کلسیم و سدیم قرار گیرد و افزودن ترکیباتی مانند بیوچارها می‌تواند وضعیت جذب کاتیون‌ها را پیچیده‌تر کند. در تحقیق حاضر تأثیر افزودن بیوچارهای کود گوسفند و سبوس برنج در دو درجه حرارت 300 و 500 درجه سلسیوس به یک خاک آهکی بر pH، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و غلظت پتاسیم، کلسیم و سدیم محلول و تبادلی خاک و رشد ذرت و جذب پتاسیم، کلسیم و سدیم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بیوچار کود گوسفند دارای pH، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، پتاسیم، کلسیم و سدیم بیشتری نسبت به بیوچار سبوس برنج بود و با افزایش درجه حرارت تولید، مقدار آنها افزایش یافت. کاربرد بیوچارهای کود گوسفند قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی (تا 4/0 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و غلظت کاتیون‌های محلول را افزایش داد ولی بیوچار سبوس برنج فقط غلظت پتاسیم محلول را افزایش داد (تا 7/0 میلی‌مول بر لیتر). با کاربرد همه بیوچارها، نسبت کلسیم به پتاسیم کاهش یافت (از 44/4 به 97/0 تا 64/1). مقدار پتاسیم و سدیم تبادلی با کاربرد بیوچارها افزایش نشان داد (به‌ترتیب تا 10-5 و 5/1-5/0 میلی‌مول بر کیلوگرم). عملکرد ذرت با کاربرد بیوچارها از 16 تا 160 درصد افزایش یافت. کاربرد بیوچار کود گوسفند مقدار کاتیون‌ها را در شاخساره ذرت نسبت به بیوچار سبوس برنج افزایش اما نسبت کلسیم به پتاسیم، پتاسیم به سدیم و کلسیم به سدیم را کاهش داد. به‌طور کلی، بیوچارهای سبوس برنج به‌دلیل شوری کمتر، پتاسیم بیشتر و سدیم کمتر و جذب متعادل کاتیون‌ها توسط ریشه مؤثرتر از بیوچارهای کود گوسفند هستند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پتاسیم محلول؛ جذب متوازن کاتیون‌ها؛ سدیم محلول؛ کلسیم محلول؛ نسبت کلسیم به پتاسیم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Soil Properties of a Calcareous Soil and Cationic Nutrient Uptake by Zea Mays L. as Influenced by Sheep Manure and Rice Husk Biochars | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri1؛ Hamid Reza Boostani2؛ Ehsan Bijanzadeh3 | ||
| 1Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University | ||
| 2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The balanced absorption of cations in calcareous soils is influenced by the high concentrations of calcium and sodium, while the addition of amendments like biochars can further modify the cation absorption dynamics. This study evaluated the impact of adding biochars derived from sheep manure and rice husks (produced at 300°C and 500°C) to calcareous soil on various soil properties (pH, EC, CEC, and soluble and exchangeable K, Ca, and Na), as well as on corn growth and the uptake of these cations. Results indicated that sheep manure biochar exhibited higher pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentrations of potassium, calcium, and sodium compared to rice husk biochar, with these properties intensifying as production temperature increased. The application of sheep manure biochar raised soil EC by 0.4 dS m⁻¹ and increased soluble cation concentrations. Conversely, rice husk biochar selectively enhanced the soluble potassium concentration by 0.7 mmol L⁻¹. Both types of biochar reduced the calcium-to-potassium ratio (from 4.44 to 0.97–1.64) and increased exchangeable potassium and sodium levels (by 5– 10 mmol kg⁻¹ and 0.5–1.5 mmol kg⁻¹, respectively). Corn yield improved significantly, ranging from 16% to 160%, with biochar application. Although sheep manure biochar enhanced cation content in corn shoots compared to rice husk biochar, it decreased the calcium-to-potassium, potassium-to-sodium, and calcium-to-sodium ratios in plant tissues. Overall, rice husk biochars proved more effective than sheep manure biochars due to their lower salinity, higher potassium content, reduced sodium levels, and the promotion of a more balanced cation absorption by plant roots. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| balanced cation uptake, calcium to potassium ratio, soluble calcium, soluble potassium, soluble sodium | ||
| مراجع | ||
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