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بررسی اثر تیپ کاربری اراضی بر کیفیت جریان سطحی حوضهی تالار مازندران | ||
مجله اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
دوره 12، شماره 1، فروردین 1404، صفحه 563-580 اصل مقاله (1.48 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2025.385953.1854 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فاطمه شکریان* 1؛ کریم سلیمانی2؛ عارف صابری3 | ||
1دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
2استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
3دانشآموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
موضوع: بررسی اثر تیپ کاربری اراضی بر کیفیت جریان سطحی حوضۀ تالار مازندران. هدف: بررسی تغییرات کیفیت منابع آب با تأکید بر نقش کاربریهای موجود و مشخصات زمینشناسی طی دورۀ زمانی 1390 تا 1400 با استفاده از تصاویر ماهوارهای و اطلاعات کمی و کیفی منابع آب زیرمینی حوزۀ آبخیز تالار. روش تحقیق: تالار یکی از حوزههای آبخیز کوهستانی شمال کشور است و در البرز مرکزی واقع شده است. برای بررسی کاربری اراضی در حوضۀ تالار در بازۀ زمانی 1390 تا 1400 از تصاویر ماهوارهای لندست 7، 8 استفاده شد. برای تهیۀ نقشۀ کاربریها ابتدا خطاهای اتمسفری، هندسی و رادیومتری رفع شد و سپس با استفاده از ترکیبات رنگی کاذب و نمونههای تعلیمی به تفکیک هر سال نقشۀ کاربریها تهیه شد. برای انجام این موارد از نرمافزارهای ArcMap، ENVI 5.6 و گوگل ارث انجین استفاده شد. برای صحتسنجی و کنترل نقاط زمینی نیز از نرمافزار Google Earth Pro7.3.6 استفاده شد. در ادامه برای تعیین ارتباط بین عوامل مختلف بر روی کیفیت آب از همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. همچنین برای صحتسنجی کاربریها از ضریب کاپا استفاده شد. سپس با توجه به وضعیت موجود برخی از پارامترهای EC، TDS، pHCa2+، Mg2+، Na+، K+، HCO3-، CO3-2، Cl- و SO42- با استفاده از شاخص RSC، استانداردهای کشاورزی و نمودار شولر بررسی شدند. یافتهها: نتایج بررسی پارامترها حاکی از آن بود که پارامترهای Cl و SAR با مقادیر 13/1 و 6/51 کمتر از حد استاندارد بوده ولی پارامتر EC با مقدار 755/24 بیشتر از حد استاندارد است. کاربری مرتع بیشترین درصد (71 درصد) و منابع آب (0/01 درصد) کمترین درصد از کاربریها را به خود اختصاص دادند. بر اساس ضریب کاپا همۀ نقشهها دارای دقت خوبی هستند. کاربری مسکونی عامل اصلی تغییر کیفیت منابع آب حوزۀ آبخیز تالار بوده درحالیکه جنگل و مرتع کمترین اثر سوء را بر روی کیفیت آب داشتند. بر اساس اندازهگیریهای صورتگرفته غلظت عناصر کیفیت آب رودخانۀ تالار کمتر از میانگین استاندارد کشاورزی بوده و در دو ردۀ C1S1 و C2S1 قرار دارند و برای مصارف کشاورزی مناسب است. طبقهبندی کیفیت آب براساس پارامترهای SAR، درصد سدیم، شاخص RSC و نمودار شولر حاکی از آن است که کیفیت ازنظر کشاورزی و شرب خوب و مناسب است. نتایج نشان داد که تغییرات کاربری اراضی در حوضۀ تالار بهسمت کاهش اراضی مرتعی و جنگلی و افزایش اراضی بایر و مسکونی پیش رفته است. نتیجهگیری: با توجه به موقعیت حوضۀ تالار مشخص شد که بهدلیل وجود کاربریهای صنعتی و کشاورزی موجود در مسیر رودخانه و فعالیتهای کشاورزی، افزایش استفاده از سم و کود و ورود زهآب کشاورزی به این رودخانه و همچنین پساب و زبالههای مناطق مسکونی، صنعتی از عوامل مؤثر بر تغییر کیفیت آب هستند. بنابراین، اطلاع از تغییر کاربری اراضی جهت بررسی عوامل و علل آنها در یک دورۀ زمانی میتواند مورد توجه برنامهریزیان و مدیران باشد و در اتخاذ تصمیمات مورد نیاز آنها را یاری دهد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آب سطحی؛ حوزه آبخیز تالار؛ ضریب کاپا؛ مازندارن؛ نمودار شولر | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigating the effect of land use type on surface water quality in the Talar watershed in Mazandaran | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Fatemeh Shokrian1؛ Karim solaimani2؛ Aref Saberi3 | ||
1Associate Professor and , Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran. | ||
2Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University,, Sari, Iran. | ||
3Ph.D, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Objective: To study changes in water resource quality with emphasis on the role of existing land use and geological characteristics during the period 2011-2021 using satellite imagery and quantitative and qualitative data on groundwater resources in the Talar watershed. Method: The Talar is one of the mountainous watersheds in the north of Iran and is located in central Alborz. Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images were used to study land use in the Talar basin during the period 2011-2021. To produce the land use map, atmospheric, geometric and radiometric errors were first corrected, then a land use map was produced using false colour combinations and training samples separately for each year. The used softwares were ArcMap, ENVI 5.6 and Google Earth Engine. Google Earth Pro7.3.6 software was also used to check and control the ground points. Pearson correlation was then used to determine the relationship between different factors on water quality. The kappa coefficient was also used to check the validity of land use. Then, considering the current situation, some parameters of EC, TDS, pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, CO3-2, Cl-, SO42- were studied using RSC index, agricultural standards and Schuler diagram. Results: The results of the parameter investigation showed that the parameters Cl and SAR with values of 1.13 and 51.6 were below the standard limit, but the parameter EC with a value of 24.755 was above the standard limit. The highest percentage of land use was pasture (71%) and the lowest percentage of land use was water resources (0.01%). Based on the kappa coefficient, all maps have a good accuracy. Residential land use was the main factor changing the quality of water resources in the Talar catchment, while forests and pastures had the least negative impact on water quality. Based on the measurements, the concentration of water quality elements in the Talar River is lower than the average agricultural standard and is in two categories: C1S1 and C2S1, and is suitable for agricultural use. The water quality classification based on SAR parameters, sodium percentage, RSC index and Schuler diagram indicates that the quality is good and suitable for agriculture and drinking. The results show that land use changes in the Talar basin have been progressive, with a decrease in pasture and forest land and an increase in barren and residential land. Conclusions: Considering the location of the Talar basin, it was found that the presence of industrial and agricultural uses along the river, and agricultural activities, increased use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the discharge of agricultural effluents into this river, as well as sewage and waste from residential and industrial areas, are among the factors affecting changes in water quality. Therefore, information on land use changes to examine their factors and causes over a period of time can be of interest to planners and managers and help them make the necessary decisions. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Kappa coefficient, Mazandaran, Schuler diagram, Surface water, Talar watershed | ||
مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 98 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 50 |