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ارزیابی ریسک مخاطرات انسان ساخت ترابری مواد خطرناک با رویکرد کاهش پیامدهای مؤثر بر دارایی‌های محیطی | ||
| محیط شناسی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 50، شماره 4، اسفند 1403، صفحه 391-412 اصل مقاله (1.04 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2024.371565.1008478 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی وجدانی نوذر؛ سعید گیوه چی* ؛ بهرام ملک محمدی | ||
| گروه مهندسی سوانح، آموزش و سیستم های محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: توسعه و گسترش حملونقل جاده‌ای تأثیر زیادی در توسعه یک جامعه‌زیستی دارد. اما امروزه واژگونی و تصادفات جاده‌ای به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین مخاطرات انسان‌ساز در حوزه حملونقل مطرح می‌باشد. حوادثی که در حین حملونقل مواد خطرناک رخ می‌دهد، همیشه پتانسیل زیادی برای تبدیل شدن به یک فاجعه و بحرانی فراگیر دارند. در این پژوهش، تمرکز پژوهشگران بر ارزیابی خطرات ناشی از حملونقل مواد خطرناک، شناسایی پیامدها و ارائه مسیر تردد بهینه به منظور کاهش اثرات بر دارایی‌های زیست‌محیطی در فصول مختلف سال است و هدف نهایی تحقیق یک مدل جامع و قابل تعمیم ارائه شود تا بتوان از آن برای برآورد هدف عملی استفاده کرد. روش پژوهش: در این مقاله ریسک مخاطرات انسان‌ساخت ترابری مواد خطرناک در منطقه مورد مطالعه با در نظر گرفتن معیارهایی همچون «تعداد تصادفات و واژگونی در هر جاده، تعداد معابر ترافیکی با توجه به تعداد خطوط، شدت حادثه، متوفیان در هر کیلومتر و زمان سفر در هر یک از مسیرها» و طراحی مدل ریاضی محاسبه شده و سپس با توجه به ریسک هر مسیر و رتبه‌بندی آنها با بهره‌گیری از الگوریتم دیکسترا، بهترین مسیر حمل مواد خطرناک به‌منظور کاهش پیامدهای محتمل اولویت‌بندی می‌شود. یافته‌ها: در اکثر مطالعات مرتبط در حوزه ترابری مواد خطرناک، معمولاً تحقیقات بر اساس دو بخش کلی شامل «تعیین و ارزیابی ریسک حملونقل و شناسایی و تحلیل آسیب‌پذیری دارایی‌ها» به منظور ارائه راه‌حلی برای کاهش ریسک انجام شده است، اما در این تحقیق با بهره‌گیری از روش دیکسترا در راستای کاهش پیامدهای محتمل پس از محاسبه ریسک هر مسیر، مسیر بهینه تردد، مسیر با کمترین ریسک در فصول مختلف سال است. ضمناً در این تحقیق در راستای هدف اصلی، یک مدل مفهومی جامع با قابلیت تعمیم در قالب فلوچارت ارائه شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: روند مطالعه در این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که خطر خطرات انسان‌ساز حاملان مواد خطرناک در محورهای مواصلاتی بر اساس معیارهای مختلف از جمله تعداد تعدیل شده مجروحان در هر جاده، خطر ذاتی هر مسیر، تعداد مجروحان ناشی از تصادفات وسایل نقلیه سنگین و جمعیت اطراف مسیر برآورد شده است. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود در مطالعات آتی شاخص‌هایی مانند ریسک ذاتی وسایل نقلیه و ریسک ذاتی رانندگان نیز در نظر گرفته شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزیابی ریسک؛ مخاطرات انسان ساخت؛ پیامد؛ حمل و نقل مواد خطرناک؛ همدان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the Risk in Man-Made Hazards of Transporting Dangerous Substances with the Approach of Reducing the Effective Consequences on Environmental Assets | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Vejdani Nozar؛ Saeed Givehchi؛ Bahram Malekmohammadi | ||
| Department of Disasters Engineering, Education and Environmental Systems, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective: The development and expansion of road transport causes a great impact on the development of a biological community. Today, rollovers and road accidents are considered as one of the most important man-made hazards in the field of transportation. Accidents that happen during the transportation of dangerous materials always have a great potential to become a disaster and a widespread crisis. This research focuses on assessing the risks caused by the transportation of dangerous substances, identifying the consequences and providing the optimal traffic route in order to reduce the effects on environmental assets in different seasons of the year. The ultimate goal of the research is to provide a comprehensive and generalizable model to be able to be used in achieving the practical purpose. Method: In this research, the risk of man-made hazards in the transportation of hazardous materials in the study area was calculated considering criteria such as "the number of accidents and rollovers on each road”, “the number of traffic intersections according to the number of lanes”, “the severity of the accident, the number of deaths per kilometer”, and “the travel time on each route" and a mathematical model was desinged. Then, considering the risk of each route and their ranking using the Dijkstra algorithm, the best route for transporting hazardous materials was prioritized in order to reduce the possible consequences. Results: Most of the studies related to the transportation of hazardous materials are usually conducted based on two general sections, including "determining and assessing transportation risk and identifying and analyzing asset vulnerability" in order to provide a solution to reduce risk. However, in this study, by utilizing the Dijkstra method to reduce possible consequences after calculating the risk of each route, the optimal traffic route was determined as the route with the lowest risk in different seasons of the year. In addition, in this research, in line with the main goal, a comprehensive conceptual model with generalizability has been presented in the form of a flowchart. Conclusions: In the study process of this research the risk of man-made hazards of carriers of dangerous substances in transportation networks according to various criteria, including the adjusted number of injured on each road, the inherent risk of each route, the number of injured due to heavy vehicle accidents and the population around the route are estimated. Therefore, it is suggested that in future studies, indicators such as the inherent risk of vehicles and the inherent risk of drivers should also be considered. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Risk assessment, man-made hazards, Consequence, Transportation of dangerous substances, Hamedan | ||
| مراجع | ||
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