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رابطه پوشش گیاهی با رطوبت و دمای خاک در طبقات ارتفاعی و کاربری‌های مختلف با رویکرد تخریب سرزمین در ایران | ||
| محیط شناسی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 50، شماره 4، اسفند 1403، صفحه 435-455 اصل مقاله (1.53 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2025.374195.1008486 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سپیده بهروزه1؛ اسداله خورانی* 1؛ هادی اسکندری دامنه2 | ||
| 1گروه علوم جغرافیایی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| 2محقق بخش تحقیقات بیابان، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: در پژوهش حاضر برای بررسی تخریب پوشش گیاهی در کشور ایران از تأثیر دو شاخص دمای خاک (ST) و رطوبت خاک (SWV) بر روی شاخص پوشش گیاهی نرمال شده (NDVI) استفاده گردید. روش پژوهش: شاخص پوشش گیاهی از تصاویر سنجنده مودیس و شاخص ST و شاخص SWV از داده‌های بازکاوی ERA5 در بازه زمانی 2022-2001 و قدرت تفکیک مکانی 10 کیلومتر در وسعت منطقه مورد مطالعه (کشور ایران) تهیه شدند. برای بررسی روند تغییرات این متغیرها از آزمون ناپارامتریک من_کندال و شیب تخمین گر سن و برای بررسی رابطه بین شاخص پوشش گیاهی و داده‌های اقلیمی از تحلیل همبستگی استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از بررسی روند تغییرات بر اساس آماره Z من-کندال نشان می‌دهد که شاخص NDVI در 75/81 %، SWV در 09/47 % و ST در 84/75 % از مساحت کشور افزایشی بوده است. رابطه همبستگی NDVI با SWV در 49/90 % از مساحت کشور مثبت (r>0) که از این مقدار 25/42 % مثبت قوی (r>0.5) نشان داده شد، این در حالی است که همبستگی NDVI با ST در 84/25 % مثبت بوده که 87/1 % از آن مثبت قوی (r>0.5) نشان داده شد. بررسی نتایج همبستگی NDVI و SWV در کاربری بوته‌زار، اراضی بایر، اراضی کشاورزی و مراتع طی 22 سال در ارتفاعات مختلف مثبت بوده و در کاربری جنگل این همبستگی در طبقات 1500، 2000 متر و بیشتر از ارتفاع 2000 به‌صورت منفی نمایش داده شد؛ و همچنین نتایج همبستگی NDVI و ST در کاربری اراضی بایر و بوته‌زار در ارتفاعات مختلف مثبت و در کاربری کشاورزی، جنگل و مراتع با افزایش ارتفاع به‌صورت منفی نمایش داده شد؛ نتیجه‌گیری: طی بازه 22 ساله مورد مطالعه، پوشش گیاهی در ایران روند افزایشی داشته است. همچنین بررسی اثر‌گذاری پارامتر‌های دمای خاک و رطوبت خاک بر روی پوشش گیاهی نشان می‌دهد که پوشش گیاهی با رطوبت‌خاک در طبقات و کاربری های مختلف بیشترین همبستگی مثبت را داشته است. همین طور پوشش گیاهی و دمای‌خاک در طبقات ارتفاعی پایین و در بیشتر کاربری ها همبستگی منفی بیشتری داشته است. بنابراین با بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل رابطه بین شاخص پوشش گیاهی با شاخص‌های دمای خاک و رطوبت خاک در کاربری ها و ارتفاعات مختلف می‌توان روند تخریب اراضی را مورد بررسی قرارداد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کاربری اراضی؛ ایران؛ شاخص پوشش گیاهی؛ روند یابی تغییرات؛ آزمون من-کندال | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The interrelationship among vegetation, soil water volume and soil temperature across various altitude classes and land uses in Iran using land degradation approach | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sepideh Behroozeh1؛ Asadollah Khoorani1؛ Hadi Eskandari Damaneh2 | ||
| 1Department of Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran | ||
| 2Researcher of Desert Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective: This study investigates vegetation degradation across Iran by utilizing Soil Temperature (ST) and Soil Water Volumetric (SWV) data, with a focus on understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics and relationships among these variables. Method: The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from MODIS satellite products, served as the primary indicator for vegetation health and coverage. Concurrently, ST and SWV data were sourced from the ERA5 reanalysis dataset, spanning a temporal range from 2001 to 2022 and offering a spatial resolution of 10 km. To ensure robust analysis, the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and Sen’s slope estimator were employed, enabling the detection of statistically significant trends in the time series data. Additionally, Pearson correlation tests were conducted to assess the relationships between NDVI, ST, and SWV. Results: The results revealed intriguing patterns in the temporal and spatial behavior of NDVI, SWV, and ST across Iran. Specifically, NDVI demonstrated a positive trend in 81.75% of the study area, predominantly in the northwest and southeast regions. Similarly, SWV and ST exhibited positive trends in 47.09% and 75.84% of the country’s area, respectively. These trends highlight notable regional variations in vegetation response to soil moisture and temperature conditions over the two-decade study period. The correlation analysis provided deeper insights into the interplay among these variables. NDVI and SWV were positively correlated in 90.49% of the study area, with strong positive correlations observed in 42.25% of the regions, indicating that vegetation health improves with increasing soil water content. Conversely, negative correlations were noted in only 9.5% of the area, with strong negative correlations accounting for a mere 0.82%, emphasizing the overall beneficial role of soil water availability. In contrast, the relationship between NDVI and ST exhibited predominantly negative correlations, covering 71.16% of the study area. Strong negative correlations were found in 16.26% of the regions, suggesting that rising soil temperatures could adversely affect vegetation health, particularly in temperature-sensitive ecosystems. Positive correlations were limited to 25.84% of the area, with strong positive correlations observed in just 1.87%. Land-use-specific analysis further refined these results. NDVI displayed a positive correlation with SWV in grasslands, barelands, croplands, and pasturelands across all altitude classes. However, in forested regions situated at altitudes between 1500–2000 meters and above 2000 meters, the correlation turned negative, reflecting unique hydrological and ecological dynamics. Similarly, NDVI correlated positively with ST in barelands and grasslands but showed a negative correlation in forests, croplands, and pasturelands, underscoring the complex interaction of vegetation types with soil temperature and water dynamics in varying environmental contexts. Conclusions: Combining remote sensing and reanalysis data provides a reliable database for monitoring and modeling vegetation coverage, soil moisture, and temperature, and consequently, desertification and land degradation. It is important to note that this research was conducted over an annual timescale. Further investigations are warranted to explore the monthly relationships between the analyzed indices and their implications for land degradation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Land use, Iran, Vegetation, Variation trend detection, Mann-Kendall test | ||
| مراجع | ||
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