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بررسی توزیع گونههای گیاهی به منظورنقشهسازی روشمند زیجاهای شهری با رویکرد اکولوژیکی (مطالعه موردی: منطقههای 9 و 11 شهر مشهد) | ||
محیط شناسی | ||
مقاله 6، دوره 50، شماره 4، اسفند 1403، صفحه 501-518 اصل مقاله (937.28 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2025.382222.1008534 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
راضیه دنیوی1؛ علیرضا میکائیلی تبریزی* 1؛ عبدالرسول سلمان ماهینی1؛ آزاده کریمی2 | ||
1گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
2گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: نقشهسازی زیجاهای شهری یک ابزار ضروری برای برنامهریزی فضایی و مدیریت اکوسیستمها از منظر محیطزیستی است. هدف از این مطالعه، درک ویژگیهای زیجاهای شهری بهمنظور ایجاد یک چارچوب محیطزیستی برای نقشهسازی از زیجاها و ایجاد پایگاه دادة فضایی و زیستی است. روش پژوهش: بهطور کلی، نقشهسازی زیجاها معمولاً با دو روش اصلی انجام میشود: روش نقشهسازی جامع و روش نقشهسازی گزینشی. این پژوهش از روش نقشهسازی گزینشی استفاده کرده است. مناطق 9 و 11 شهر مشهد بعنوان نمونههای این مطالعه انتخاب شدند. دادهها و اطلاعات اصلی شامل نقشههای کاربری زمین، طبقهبندی کاربری زمین در طرح جامع شهر مشهد، مقررات طراحی معابر شهری، استانداردهای ایجاد فضاهای سبز شهری، تصاویر ماهوارهای Google map، اطلاعات پوشش گیاهی و دادههای بدست آمده از بررسیهای میدانی است. شناسایی زیجاها در مناطق مورد مطالعه در شش مرحله استراتژیک با رعایت دستورالعملهای زمانی-مکانی انجام شد: 1. آمادهسازی منابع اطلاعاتی و بررسیهای میدانی (جمعآوری دادههای فضایی و گیاهی)؛ 2. ایجاد پایگاه داده پوشش گیاهی فعلی در هر کاربری زمین؛ 3. ایجاد چارچوب طبقهبندی زیجاها (شناسایی زیجاها)؛ 4. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، طبقهبندی زیجاها و بخشبندی هر واحد زیجا؛ 5. ایجاد پایگاه داده فضایی زیجاها و زیرزیجاهای شهری در نرمافزار ArcGIS 10.8، همراه با پوشش گیاهی غالب در آنها؛ 6. نقشهسازی از انواع اصلی زیجاها و زیرزیجاها. یافتهها: در این مطالعه، اطلاعات فضایی زیجاها به همراه پوشش گیاهی غالب در آنها که ویژگیها و ارزشهای محیطزیستی و زیستی فعلی در منطقه مورد مطالعه را نشان میدهد، ارائه شد. طبق نتایج این مطالعه، 16 نوع اصلی زیجا و 44 زیرزیجا شناسایی شدند. از مجموع گونههای غالب گیاهی شناسایی شده در زیجاها، 103 گونه بعنوان درختان و درختچهها، 19 گونه بعنوان پرچین، 51 گونه بعنوان گیاهان پوششی، 41 گونه بعنوان گیاهان فصلی و 33 گونه بعنوان گیاهان دیگر طبقهبندی شدند. نتیجهگیری: بر اساس اطلاعات بدست آمده از این مطالعه، زمینه برای ایجاد یک شهر پایدار از نظر محیطزیستی فراهم شد. زیرا شناسایی زیجاهای شهری بعنوان واحدهای محیطزیستی- فضایی و جمعآوری دادهها در مورد پوشش گیاهی فعلی آنها، اطلاعات ضروری برای بازسازی محیطزیست شهرها را فراهم میکند. علاوهبر این، با ایجاد چارچوب مناسب برای طبقهبندی زیجاها و زیرزیجاها، این امکان فراهم میشود که نقشۀ زیجاها طبق چارچوب تعریف شده در صورت تغییرات کاربری زمین بروزرسانی شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
زیجاهای شهری؛ نقشهسازی انتخابی؛ پوشش گیاهی غالب؛ GIS | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigation of the distribution of plant species for systematic mapping of urban habitats with an ecological approach (Case study: Districts 9 and 11 of Mashhad City) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Raziyeh Donyavi1؛ Alireza Mikaeili Tabrizi1؛ Abdolrasoul salmanmahini1؛ Azadeh Karimi2 | ||
1Department of Environment, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
2Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Objective: The aim of this study is to understand the characteristics of urban biotopes in order to establish an ecological framework for mapping biotopes and creating spatial and biological databases. Method: Biotope mapping is typically carried out by two main approaches: the comprehensive mapping method and the selective mapping method. In the comprehensive mapping method, the entire area is systematically mapped by identifying all biotopes and collecting precise environmental and biological data, a process that requires considerable time and financial resources. In contrast, the selective mapping method focuses on a smaller area that represents the main land uses and urban corridors, primarily emphasizing the recording of biological data for individual biotope units, thus requiring fewer resources. This research employs the method of selective mapping. Districts 9 and 11 of Mashhad city were chosen as samples for this study. The primary data and information include land use maps, land use classification in the comprehensive plan of Mashhad city, urban street design regulations, standards for the creation of urban green spaces, Google Map satellite images, vegetation cover information, and data obtained from field surveys. The identification of biotopes in the study area was carried out in six strategic stages, following spatio-temporal guidelines: (1) preparation of information resources and field surveys (collection of spatial and vegetation data); (2) creation of a database of the current vegetation cover in each land use; (3) establishment of a biotope classification framework (biotope identification); (4) data analysis, biotope classification, and segmentation of each biotope unit; (5) creation of a spatial database of biotopes and urban sub-biotopes in ArcGIS 10.8 software, along with the dominant vegetation cover in them; (6) mapping of the main biotope types and sub-biotopes. Results: In this study, spatial information of biotopes, along with the dominant vegetation within them, reflecting the current ecological and biological characteristics and values in the study area, were presented. According to the results, 16 main types of biotopes and 44 sub-biotopes were identified. Of the total dominant plant species identified in the biotopes, 103 species were classified as trees and shrubs, 19 species as hedges, 51 species as ground cover plants, 41 species as seasonal plants, and 33 species as other plants. Conclusions: Based on the information obtained from this study, the groundwork for creating an ecologically sustainable city was established. This is because identifying urban biotopes as ecological-spatial units and collecting data on their current vegetation cover provides the necessary information for ecological reconstruction of cities. Additionally, by establishing an appropriate framework for categorizing biotopes and sub-biotopes, it enables the biotope map to be updated according to the defined framework in case of land-use changes. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Urban biotopes, Selective Mapping, Dominant vegetation cover, GIS | ||
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