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ارزیابی مدیریت مصرف آبِ آبیاری گندم در کشور با رویکرد کاهش سطح زیرکشت و ارتقای بهرهوری آب | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 55، شماره 12، اسفند 1403، صفحه 2333-2349 اصل مقاله (1.73 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2024.380800.669778 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حسین جعفری* 1؛ فریبرز عباسی*2 | ||
1بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و فیزیک خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
2بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و زهکشی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
همواره مصرف آب و عدم تناسب سطح زیرکشت و مقدار آب در دسترس در بخش کشاورزی و یا عدم تناسب عرضه و تقاضای آب دغدغه کشاورزان و مدیران کشاورزی بوده است. امنیت غذایی پایدار با عنایت به رشد و تغییر ذائقه مردم هم مزید بر این نگرانی است. ازاینرو، با توجه به تعیین کلاس تناسب اراضی و درصد مساحت هر یک از کلاسهای S1، S2، S3 و N در کشور، مقدار عملکرد، حجم آب آبیاری، پتانسیل تولید، درآمد و هزینه در هر یک از این اراضی برای گندم تعیین و بر اساس آن شاخصهای بهرهوری فیزیکی (WPPa)، اقتصادی (WPEa)، نسبی فیزیکی (KWPp) و نسبی اقتصادی (KWPe) آب محاسبه گردید. بر اساس نتایج ارزیابی تناسب اقتصادی اراضی با تناسب S3 و N حذف گردید. سپس با استفاده از شاخصهای بهرهوری آب، حجم آب آبیاری مورد نیاز برای جبران کاهش عملکرد ناشی از کاهش سطح زیرکشت، محاسبه و راههای جبران کاهش عملکرد در اراضی با تناسب S1 و S2 بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد سطح زیرکشت گندم 989 هزار هکتار، عملکرد گندم 1184 هزار تن، حجم آب آبیاری 138/5 میلیارد مترمکعب کاهش و شاخصهای WPPa، WPEa، KWPp و KWPe بهترتیب 41، 47، 12 و 39 درصد افزایش یافتند. اگر در اراضی با تناسب S1 و S2 راندمان کاربرد آب آبیاری 16 افزایش یا مقدار آب آبیاری 76 میلیمتر کاهش و یا مدیریت زراعی به اندازه 9 تا 14 درصد عملکرد را افزایش دهد، کاهش عملکرد ناشی از کاهش سطح زیرکشت گندم جبران میگردد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تناسب اراضی؛ حجم آب آبیاری؛ سطح زیرکشت؛ عملکرد و مدیریت بهزراعی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Evaluation of wheat water irrigation management in Iran with the approach of reducing the area under cultivation and improving water productivity | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
hossein jafari1؛ Fariborz Abbasi2 | ||
1Department of Irrigation and Soil Physics, Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
2Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Agriculture Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Water consumption and disproportion of the cultivated area and the amount of available water in the agricultural sector, or the disproportion of water supply and demand, have always been the concern of farmers and agricultural managers. Sustainable food security due to the growth and change of people's taste is an additional concern. Therefore, according to the determination of land suitability class and the percentage of the area of each of the S1, S2, S3 and N classes in Iran, was determined and Based on that, the physical (WPPa), economic (WPEa), relative physical (KWPp) and relative economic (KWPe) indicators of water were calculated. Based on the results of evaluating the economic suitability, wheat fields were removed from the lands with S3 and N suitability. Then, using water productivity indicators, the ways to compensate for the decrease in wheat production in lands with S1 and S2 suitability classes were investigated. The results showed that the area under wheat cultivation was 989 thousand hectares, wheat production was 1184 thousand tons, applied irrigation water was 5.138 billion cubic meters, and the indices of WPPa, WPEa, KWPp and KWPe are increased by 41, 47, 12 and 39% respectively. Also, if the irrigation water use efficiency is increased 16% or the amount of irrigation water is decreased between 73 and 80mm in the lands with S1 and S2 suitability classes, or agricultural management, increase the yield by 9 to 14%, the decrease in yield caused by the decrease in the area under wheat cultivation is compensated. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
agricultural management, applied irrigation water, cultivated area, performance and suitability of land | ||
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