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تأثیر اقدامات احیایی دریاچه ارومیه بر میزان تاب‌آوری اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع محلی (موردمطالعه: روستای آغداش از توابع شهرستان میاندوآب) | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 18 اسفند 1403 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2025.380098.1972 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ثمیه آذربار1؛ مرتضی مفیدی چلان* 2؛ اسماعیل شیدای کرکج2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت مرتع، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از راهکارهای اساسی کاهش آسیبپذیری در نظامهای اجتماعی افزایش میزان تاب‌آوری این جوامع در برابر اختلال و آشفتگی ایجادشده در نظامهای بومشناختی است. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر اقدامات احیایی دریاچه ارومیه بر میزان تاب-آوری اقتصادی و اجتماعی ساکنین روستای آغداش از توابع شهرستان میاندوآب که در استان آذربایجان غربی قرار دارد، انجام‌شده است. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از روش نظرسنجی کیفی استفاده‌شده است. برای ارزیابی نگرش جوامع محلی پرسشنامه محقق ساخته با حجم نمونه 62 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند گلوله برفی تکمیل شد. نتایج نشان داد از دیدگاه جوامع محلی در بعد اجتماعی، اقدامات ستاد احیای دریاچه ارومیه، سبب بهبود آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بهبود مهارت، افزایش سلامت و بهداشت و افزایش شاخص تعاون و همکاری در بین ساکنین شده است. در بعد اقتصادی فعالیت‌های ستاد احیای دریاچه ارومیه در زمینه تنوع کشت محصولات کشاورزی و ایجاد فرصت‌های شغلی مؤثر بوده است. طبق نتایج مدل تحلیل عاملی شاخص‌های مهاجرت، آموزش و ترویج، مهارتافزایی، امنیت غذایی، اشتغال زنان، منابع درآمدی جایگزین، تنوع کشت به‌عنوان شاخص‌های مناسب برای ارزیابی تاب‌آوری جوامع محلی معرفی شد. در زمینۀ اتخاذ رویکردهای تنوع‌بخشی به منابع معیشتی پیشنهاد می‌شود با استفاده از انواع روش‌های آموزشی و ترویجی، دانش و مهارت روستائیان در زمینه‌هایی چون اصلاح الگوی کشت، راهکارهای صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب، استفاده از محصولات پربازده، استفاده از سایر مشاغل درآمد افزایش یابد. در این راستا، توسعه زنجیره ارزش گیاهان دارویی، به عنوان گزینه‌ای مطلوب جهت ایجاد اشتغال و فراهم آوردن معیشت جایگزین در منطقه موردمطالعه پیشنهاد می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنوع کشت؛ معیشت جایگزین؛ امنیت غذایی؛ روستای آغداش؛ دریاچه ارومیه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Impact of Urmia Lake Restoration Measures on the Economic and Social Resilience of Local Communities: A Case Study of Aghdash Village, Miandoab County | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Somayeh Azarbar1؛ Morteza Mofidi-Chelan2؛ Esmaeil Sheidai-Karkaj2 | ||
| 1MSc, Graduated of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources Department of Range and Watershed Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Iran, located within the drought belt, is highly vulnerable to losses and damages caused by drought risks. In recent years, one of the most significant natural hazards has been the drastic reduction in the water level of Lake Urmia. A key strategy to reduce vulnerability in social systems and enhance the stability of local communities in the face of environmental crises is to strengthen their resilience against disruptions and chaos in ecological systems. However, due to the lack of comprehensive evaluation and monitoring of the activities and measures implemented by the Lake Urmia Rehabilitation Headquarters across different regions, there have been varying reports and outcomes regarding the effectiveness of these efforts. Specifically, questions remain about the extent to which the actions taken by the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters have successfully reduced vulnerability and increased the resilience of local communities across various dimensions. In line with the need to evaluate and monitor Lake Urmia restoration activities, this research aims to assess the impact of these restoration efforts on the economic and social resilience of local communities. Methodology This research is of an applied nature, employing a descriptive, correlational, and analytical approach. A qualitative survey research method was utilized to conduct the study. Indicators for measuring the resilience of local communities were identified through exploratory interviews and a review of ethnographic references. The statistical population of the research consists of all heads of households residing in Aghdash village. Aghdash village is located in the Merhamtabad district of Miandoab city, in the West Azarbaijan province of Iran. A qualitative survey method was employed for data collection. A questionnaire was used to assess the attitudes of local communities, which was completed with a sample size of 62 individuals selected through the snowball sampling method. Results and discussion The findings revealed that, from the perspective of local communities, the efforts of the Urmia Lake Restoration Headquarters have positively influenced the social dimension by improving agricultural education and extension services, enhancing skills, promoting health and hygiene, and fostering greater cooperation among the residents of Aghdash village in support of Urmia Lake's restoration. In the economic dimension, the activities of the Urmia Lake Restoration Headquarters have been effective in diversifying agricultural crops among farmers and creating job opportunities for the villagers of Aghdash. In this regard, the indicators of crop diversity, job opportunities, entrepreneurship, employment, and alternative income sources had the highest average rankings with means of 10.50, 9.17, 8.93, and 8.70, respectively, compared to other indicators. Based on the results of the factor analysis model, indicators such as migration, education and extension services, skill development, food security, women's employment, alternative income sources, and crop diversity were identified as suitable metrics for evaluating the resilience of local communities. Although the efforts of the rehabilitation headquarters have improved several social indicators, the results indicate that social stability has not been significantly enhanced. According to field observations, the life satisfaction level among Aghdash village residents remains low, subsequently leading to increased migration to urban areas. Drought is identified as one of the key factors contributing to the destruction of agricultural fields and the rise in migration from villages to cities. In this study, the prolonged drying of Lake Urmia is highlighted as a major cause of unemployment, increased poverty, migration, displacement of residents from villages and small towns in the surrounding region, and a rise in crime and social issues. On a positive note, the activities of the rehabilitation headquarters regarding entrepreneurship, employment indicators, and the promotion of alternative income sources have been evaluated favorably. However, in areas such as women's employment, food security, economic well-being, and tourism, the rehabilitation headquarters have been less effective, and further measures are still needed to address these economic challenges. It is suggested that long-term investments be made in line with the region's physical capacities to address these issues. Additionally, reforming the decision-making structure and providing banking facilities could strengthen the economic foundations of the villages, create diverse job opportunities, and generate alternative income sources for residents. Such measures would reduce the heavy reliance of villagers on agriculture and contribute to sustainable development. Conclusion In the context of adopting diversification strategies for livelihood resources, it is recommended that villagers enhance their knowledge and skills in areas such as modifying cultivation patterns, implementing water-saving techniques, utilizing high-yield products, and exploring alternative income-generating activities through various educational approaches. In this regard, the value chain of medicinal plants is proposed as a viable option for generating employment and providing alternative livelihoods in the region. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Crop diversity, Alternative livelihood, Food security, Aghdash village, Lake Urmia | ||
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