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بازپژوهی قلمروشناختی شرط خلاف مقتضای عقد: تبیین و نقد نظریات اعم، عام، اخص و خاص | ||
| مجله علمی "پژوهشهای فقهی" | ||
| دوره 21، شماره 4، دی 1404، صفحه 287-299 اصل مقاله (898.47 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jorr.2025.385349.1009539 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عباس کریمی1؛ سید امید موسوی* 2 | ||
| 1گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه فقه و حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه شهید مطهری، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شرط خلاف مقتضای عقد، مفهومی است که همواره نقش مهمی در نوشتار فقهی و حقوقی داشته و مورد استفاده فقها و حقوقدانان بوده است. براساس این سابقه طولانی که ریشه آن در فقه اسلامی وجود دارد، تحولات چشمگیری در زمینه مفهومشناسی این نهاد فقهی و حقوقی مشاهده میشود. از آنجایی که فقها در تعریف شرط خلاف مقتضا، همنظر نبوده و دیدگاههای مختلفی در این زمینه داشتهاند، با مطالعه و بررسی سیر تاریخی تحول معنای شرط خلاف مقتضا، با دامنه گستردهای از معانی مواجه خواهیم بود. برخی، معنایی بسیار فراگیر برای این شرط درنظر گرفته و برخی دیگر به محدودیت جدی آن معتقد بودهاند. در این میان، نظریه مفهوم خاص شرط خلاف مقتضا، دیدگاه مورد قبولی است که نه گستردگی بیش از حد نظریات اعم و عام را داشته و نه به محدودیت مفهومی نظریه اخص دچار شده است. نظریه مفهوم خاص با ارائه ضابطه و ملاک صحیح، مرز مفهومی شرط خلاف مقتضا را از سایر شروط فاسد جدا کرده و قلمروی واقعی این نهاد فقهی و حقوقی را نشان میدهد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| شرط؛ مقتضای عقد؛ نظریه خاص | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Territorial Research of the Condition Contrary to the Requirements of the Contract: Explanation and Criticism of Very General, General, Very Specific and Specific Theories | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Abbass Karimi1؛ Seyed Omid Moosavi2 | ||
| 1Department of Private and Islamic Law, Faculty of Law and Political science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of jurisprudence and private law, Shahid Motahari university, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The doctrine of a stipulation conflicting with the essence of a contract has historically held a pivotal and central position within both jurisprudential discourse and legal practice, consistently engaging jurists and practitioners alike. Rooted profoundly in historical precedents, especially its origins within Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), this legal-jurisprudential institution has undergone significant conceptual evolution. The early divergence among jurists concerning the precise definition of a “stipulation contravening the contractual essence” engendered a wide spectrum of interpretative approaches. A comparative historical analysis of this doctrine reveals a substantial variance: some scholars posited an exceedingly broad interpretation, while others contended for a restrictive conceptual delimitation. Amidst these divergent perspectives, the theory of the specific conceptualization of the stipulation conflicting with the contract’s essence has gained notable acceptance. This theoretical framework achieves a critical equilibrium, eschewing both the undue expansiveness of overly generalized perspectives and the inherent restrictiveness of narrowly defined interpretations. By articulating the foundational principle and establishing precise criteria, this specific conceptual theory effectively delineates the boundaries of a stipulation conflicting with the contract’s essence from other forms of null or vitiating conditions, thereby accurately circumscribing the true jurisprudential scope of this fundamental legal institution. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Condition Word, Requirements of the contract Word, Specific theory | ||
| مراجع | ||
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منابع فارسی
منابع عربی
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