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اثر تورم و کسری بودجة دولت بر رشد اقتصادی طی ادوار تجاری | ||
مطالعات کشورها | ||
مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 13 اردیبهشت 1404 اصل مقاله (1.04 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcountst.2025.393398.1271 | ||
نویسنده | ||
اعظم احمدیان* | ||
گروه بانکداری، پژوهشکدة پولی و بانکی، بانک مرکزی ایران، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
در این مقاله، آثار تورم بر رشد اقتصادی ایران، با درنظرگرفتن شرایط خاص اقتصاد ایران، یعنی ادوار تجاری مختلف و وجود کسری بودجة دولت، بررسی شده است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، ارزیابی میزان آسیبپذیری رشد اقتصادی ایران در برابر تورم در شرایط گوناگون اقتصادی است. برای این منظور، از دادههای سالانة اقتصاد کلان ایران در بازة زمانی ۱۳۷۰-۱۴۰۲م استفاده و با بهرهگیری از روش خودرگرسیونی با وقفة توزیعی (ARDL)، آثار کوتاهمدت و بلندمدت تورم بر رشد اقتصادی تحلیل شده است. برپایة روششناسی پژوهش، از رگرسیون آستانهای برای تعیین آستانة بحرانی تورم، و نیز از متغیرهای تعاملی برای بررسی آثار متقابل تورم، کسری بودجه و ادوار تجاری استفاده شده است. بهمنظور تفکیک آثار تورم در شرایط رونق و رکود، از فیلتر هدریک- پرِسکات برای استخراج ادوار تجاری استفاده شد. متغیرهای کنترلی- نظیر نرخ ارز، شاخص قیمت سهام، موجودی سرمایة خالص، و هزینههای مصرفی (خصوصی و دولتی)- نیز در مدل لحاظ شده است. نتایج نشان میدهد که در شرایط رکود اقتصادی، تورم اثر مثبت (غیرخطی) بر رشد اقتصادی دارد. این اثر ناشی از تحریک تقاضای کل، انتقال سرمایه بهسمت داراییهای واقعی، تسهیل سیاستهای مالی انبساطی، و آثار روانی و انتظاری است. بااینحال، در دورههای رونق اقتصادی، تورم- بهدلیل مدیریتنشدن نقدینگی، ضعف زیرساختهای تولیدی و سیاستهای مالی ناکارآمد- بر رشد اقتصادی اثر منفی دارد. همچنین، نتایج نشان میدهد که افزایش نقدینگی و شاخص قیمت سهام اثر مثبت و معناداری بر رشد اقتصادی دارد، درحالیکه افزایش هزینة مصرف خصوصی اثر منفی و معناداری دارد. بر اساس یافتههای این پژوهش، به سیاستگذاران پیشنهاد میشود بر اهمیت مدیریت نقدینگی، تقویت زیرساختهای تولیدی و اصلاح سیاستهای مالی در دورههای رونق اقتصادی توجه داشته باشند. همچنین، در شرایط رکود، سیاستگذاران باید بااحتیاط عمل کنند و از مزایای بالقوة تورم کنترلشده برای تحریک تقاضا و خروج از رکود بهره ببرند. بهطورکلی، نتایج این پژوهش به سیاستگذاران اقتصادی در ایران کمک میکند تا با درک بهتر آثار تورم بر رشد اقتصادی در شرایط مختلف، سیاستهای مناسبتری را برای مدیریت تورم و دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی پایدار اتخاذ کنند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ادوار تجاری؛ اقتصاد ایران؛ تورم؛ رشد اقتصادی؛ خودرگرسیونی با وقفة توزیعی (ARDL)؛ کسری بودجه دولت | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Vulnerability of economic growth to inflation in different business cycles and despite government budget deficits | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Azam Ahmadyan | ||
Department of Banking, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of Iran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
This article examines the effects of inflation on Iran’s economic growth, considering the specific conditions of Iran’s economy, namely, different business cycles and the existence of government budget deficits. The main objective of this research is to assess the vulnerability of Iran’s economic growth to inflation under various economic conditions. To this end, annual macroeconomic data for Iran from 1991 to 2022 have been used. The research methodology includes the use of threshold regression to determine the critical threshold of inflation, as well as the use of interaction variables to examine the interaction effects of inflation, budget deficits, and business cycles. The Hodrick-Prescott filter is used to extract business cycles, and the model is estimated using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The results show that inflation can have a positive (nonlinear) effect on economic growth during economic recessions. This effect results from stimulating aggregate demand, shifting capital towards real assets, facilitating expansionary fiscal policies, and psychological and expectational effects. However, during economic booms, inflation has a negative effect on economic growth due to a lack of liquidity management, weak production infrastructure, and inefficient fiscal policies. The results also indicate that increases in liquidity and stock price indices have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while increases in private consumption expenditure have a negative and significant effect. The findings of this research emphasize the importance of liquidity management, strengthening production infrastructure, and reforming fiscal policies during economic booms. Additionally, the results suggest that in recessionary conditions, policymakers should proceed with caution and take advantage of the potential benefits of controlled inflation to stimulate demand and exit the recession. Overall, the results of this research can help economic policymakers in Iran to adopt more appropriate policies for managing inflation and achieving sustainable economic growth by better understanding the effects of inflation on economic growth under different conditions. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), business cycles, economic growth, government budget deficit, inflation, Iranian economy | ||
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