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ارزیابی توزیع افقی و عمودی فسفر در خاک زراعی اطراف ریشه گیاه ذرت به شیوه کودآبیاری در سیستم قطره‌ای تیپ | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 3، خرداد 1404، صفحه 571-588 اصل مقاله (1.92 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2025.385191.669832 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| میثم رضائی* 1؛ سمیه دهقانی2؛ کامبیز بازرگان1؛ کریم شهبازی1 | ||
| 1مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2- بخش تحقیقات شوری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان بوشهر. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فراهمی و استفاده کارآمدتر از فسفر به عنوان یکی از عناصر پرمصرف خاک در تولیدات زراعی، با استفاده از سیستم کودآبیاری مستلزم تعیین دقیق مقدار کاربرد و درک حرکت و توزیع فسفر در خاک اطراف گیاه می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر به منظور دستیابی به اهداف ارزیابی توزیع فسفر محلول (SSP) و قابل استفاده (SAP) در خاک زراعی (آهکی) تحت کشت گیاه ذرت و خاک بدون گیاه، در دو دوره کودآبیاری در طول زمان‌های مختلف، در مزرعه موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب (کرج) انجام شد. پس از آماده‌سازی زمین، کشت ذرت به‌صورت نواری و تک ردیفه با فواصل ردیف‌ها و گیاهان از یکدیگر به ترتیب 60 و 15 سانتیمتر انجام شد. پس از تزریق کودآبیاری کود فسفره در هر دو دوره، نمونه‌بردرای از خاک بدون گیاه ذرت و خاک تحت کشت ذرت در فواصل 5 و 10 سانتیمتر از محل تزریق به طور افقی و در هر فاصله از عمق‌های 5 - 0، 10 - 5، 15 - 10، 20 – 15 ، 30- 20 و 40 -30 سانتیمتر با اوگر در در فواصل زمانی 4، 24، 98 و 960 ساعت با دو تکرار گیاه (دو بوته گیاه) انجام شد. سپس نمونه‌ها به منظور تجزیه شیمیایی به آزمایشگاه منتقل و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی نمونه‌های خاک (سه تکرار آزمایشگاهی) با روش‌های معمول اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد: کودآبیاری، عمق و زمان بر توزیعSSP و SAP به طور منظم و نامنظم تاثیر‌گذار می‌باشد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد اثر ساده تیمار دوره کودآبیاری بر SSP و SAP تحت کشت ذرت در فاصله 5 و 10 سانتیمتر از محل تزریق کود، تأثیر معنی‌‌داری (در سطوح آمـاری یـک درصد) داشت که حاکی از حرکت حدود 10 سانتی‌متری فسفر در این سیستم بود. با افزایش عمق، مقادیر میانگینSSP و SAP روند کاهشی را نشان داد. حداکثر میانگین غلظت در همه تیمارها در زمان 98 ساعت پس از تزریق کود مشاهده شد که نشان دهنده محدوه زمانی مناسب در فراهمی آسان فسفر می‌باشد. به طور کلی به دلیل خواص منحصر به فرد فسفر در خاک مانند حلالیت کم، تحرک کم و تثبیت زیاد توسط ماتریکس خاک و در دسترس بودن فسفر برای گیاهان، بهتر است کودهای فسفری به صورت محلول و در فاصله حدود 5 سانتیمتر گیاه زراعی و در تقسیط‌های بیشتری تزریق شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| فسفر محلول؛ فسفر قابل استفاده؛ گیاه ذرت؛ کود-آبیاری و آبیاری قطره‌ای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the horizontal and vertical distribution of phosphorus in agricultural soil around maize root using a fertigation method in surface drip irrigation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Meisam Rezaei1؛ somayeh dehghani2؛ KAMBIZ BAZARGAN1؛ KARIM SHAHBAZI1 | ||
| 1Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Salinity Research Department, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran,, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The availability and efficient utilization of phosphorus, an essential nutrient in agricultural production, through fertigation systems requires precise determination of application rates and an understanding of phosphorus movement and distribution in the soil layers surrounding crops. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of soluble phosphorus (SSP) and available phosphorus (SAP) in agricultural soil under maize cultivation and in bare soil during two fertigation cycles over various time periods at the Soil and Water Research Institute (Karaj). After tillage, maize was planted using a strip and single-row method, with row and plant spacings of 60 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Following fertigation in both cycles, using micro auger soil samples were collected from both bare soil and soil under maize at horizontal distances of 5 and 10 cm from the dripper and at depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm at time intervals of 4, 24, 98, and 960 hours, with two plant replications (two sides of each plants). The samples were subsequently transferred to the laboratory for chemical analysis using conventional measurement methods. The results indicated that fertigation, depth, and time significantly affected the distribution of SSP and SAP in both systematic and non-systematic manners. The analysis of variance revealed that the effect of the fertigation cycle treatment on SSP and SAP under maize cultivation at 5 and 10 cm from the fertilizer injection site was significant (at the 1% statistical level), demonstrating a phosphorus movement of approximately 10 cm within this system. As the depth increased, the average SSP and SAP values exhibited a decreasing trend. The maximum average concentration across all treatments was observed 98 hours after fertilizer injection, indicating an optimal time range for easily accessible phosphorus availability. Overall, due to the unique properties of phosphorus in soil—such as low solubility, low mobility, and high stabilization/fixation by the soil matrix—along with its availability for plants, it is preferable to apply phosphorus fertilizers in a soluble form, approximately 5 centimeters away from the crop, and in more frequent applications. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Soluble phosphorus, Available phosphorus, Maize, Fertigation, and Drip irrigation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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