پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 163 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,761 |
| تعداد مقالات | 72,826 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 131,644,378 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 103,420,208 |
تأثیر سیستم‌های خاکورزی، مدیریت بقایا و مصرف کود فسفر بر عملکرد گلرنگ تحت شرایط شوری | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 3، خرداد 1404، صفحه 631-648 اصل مقاله (1.54 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2025.383497.669813 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اکبر گندمکار1؛ فاطمه خیامیم* 2 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و اموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر وجود بقایای گیاهی ایستاده، روشهای مختلف خاکورزی و مقدار مصرف کود فسفر بر عملکرد محصول گلرنگ، به‌مدت دو سال در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی کبوترآباد اصفهان در یک خاک لومرسیسیلتی انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های یک‌بارخرد شده در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمار اصلی شامل سه سطح بدونخاک‌ورزی، کمخاکورزی و شخم مرسوم بود. تیمارهای فرعی شامل چهار سطح صفر، 50 ، 75 و 100 درصد توصیه کودی فسفر بر مبنای آزمون خاک در هر کدام از سطوح خاکورزی بودند. مقادیر عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، غلظت فسفر در برگ و دانه و فسفر قابل دسترس خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین افزایش مقدار فسفر قابل دسترس خاک بهترتیب در خاک سطحی کرت‌های بی‌خاک‌ورزی و کمخاکورزی مشاهده شد. کاربرد سوپرفسفات تریپل موجب افزایش معنیدار میانگین فسفر قابل دسترس خاک از 5/3 به 3/25 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم شد. افزایش معنیدار عملکرد بیولوژیک (3/16 تن درهکتار) و دانه گلرنگ (1/5 تن در هکتار) در تیمار 75 درصد توصیه کودی فسفر بدست آمد. خالص برداشت فسفر توسط گلرنگ از 6/17 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار شاهد به 6/37 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار100 درصد توصیه کودی افزایش یافت. با وجود بقایای گیاهی و انجام روشهای کمخاکورزی و بدون خاکورزی در شرایط شوری آب و خاک، افزایش معنیدار عملکرد کل و دانه گلرنگ بدست آمد که نشان‌دهندهی برتری روشهای کمخاکورزی و بدونخاک‌ورزی در مقایسه با خاکورزی مرسوم بود. در کاشت گیاه گلرنگ کاربرد 75 درصد کود فسفری کافی بود چرا که در تمام انواع خاکورزی این سطح از کاربرد فسفر عملکردی معادل 100 درصد توصیه کودی داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بقایای گیاهی؛ خاکورزی؛ گلرنگ؛ سوپر فسفات تریپل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of tillage systems and residue management on the optimal use of phosphorus in safflower cultivation under saline conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Akbar Gandomkar1؛ Fatemeh Khayamim2 | ||
| 11. Department of Soil and Water Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Soil and Water Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Educational Center, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The present research investigated the effect of plant residues, different tillage techniques, and phosphorus Fertilizer application on safflower crop yield over two years at the Kabutarabad Agricultural Research Station in Esfahan, which has silty clay loam soil. The experiment was conducted as a one-time split plot with a randomized complete block design and three replications. The main treatments included no-tillage, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage. Sub-treatments included four levels of zero, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the recommended phosphorus fertilizer based on soil tests for each tillage level. The biological yield, seed yield, phosphorus concentration in both leaves and seeds, and absorbable soil phosphorus were measured. The highest increase in absorbable soil phosphorus was noted in the surface soil of no-tillage and reduced-tillage plots, respectively. The application of triple superphosphate significantly increased the mean absorbable soil phosphorus from 3.5 to 25.3 mg/kg. A significant increase in biological yield (16.3 tons per hectare) and safflower seed yield (1.5 tons per hectare) was observed in the treatment with 75% of the recommended phosphorus fertilizer. The net phosphorus uptake by safflower rose from 17.6 kg/ha in the control treatment to 37.6 kg/ha in the 100% fertilizer recommendation treatment. A notable increase in safflower seed yield and total yield was achieved through the presence of plant residues and the use of reduced-tillage and no-tillage methods in conditions of water and soil salinity, indicating the superiority of these methods compared to conventional tillage. The application of 75% of the recommended phosphorus fertilizer was adequate for safflower planting across all tillage types; this level of phosphorus was sufficient. The application was equivalent to a 100% fertilizer recommendation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Plant residues, Safflower, Tillage, Triple superphosphate | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahamefule, E. H., & Chinedu, P. P. (2014). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) response to phosphorus fertilizer under two tillage and mulch treatments. Soil and Tillage Research, 136, 70-75. Ashrafizadeh, S. R. (2016). No-till wheat planting in sugarcane fallow lands in southern Khuzestan, Safi-Abad Agricultural Research Center, Dezful, Iran. (In Persian). Ayers, R.S., & Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water Quality for Agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage, Paper 29, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. Ayers, R.S., & Westcot, D.W. (1994). Water Quality for Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Bahrampur, T., Adelzadeh R. & Seyfe-amiri S. (2017). Tillage methods, soil physical parameters, soybean yield, and physiological properties (Moghan country). Science of Water and Soil Journal, 27(1), 17-27. (In Persian). Bahrani, M. J., Kheradmand, M., Emam, Y., Ghadiri, H. & Asad, M.T. (2002). Effects of tillage methods on wheat yield and yield components in continuous wheat cropping. Experimental Agriculture, 38:389-395. Bolo, P.; Kihara, J.; Mucheru-Muna, M.; Njeru, E. M.; Kinyua, M. & Sommer, R. (2021). Application of residue, inorganic fertilizer and lime affect phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms and microbial biomass under different tillage and cropping systems in a Ferralsol. Geoderma, 390, 114962. Boloor, E., Asgari, H.R. & Kiani, F. (2015). The effect of tillage systems on soil nutrients (Case study: some Agricultural lands of Kalale, Golestan Province). Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 4(4) 355-360. (In Persian). Bouyoucos, G. H. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal,43, 434-438. Busari, M.A., Kukal, S.S., Kaur, A., Bhatt, R., & Dulazi, A. A. (2015). Conservation tillage impacts on soil, crops and the environment. International Soil and Water Conservation, Research, 3, 119-129. Carter, M. R., & Gregorich, E. G. (2007). Soil sampling and methods of analysis. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. Dang, Y.P., Moody, P.W., Bell, M.J., Seymour, N.P., Dalal, R.C., Freebairn, D.M., & Walker, S.R. Strategic tillage in no-till farming systems in Australia’s northern grains-growing regions: II. Implications for agronomy, soil, and environment. Soil and Tillage Research, (2015), 152, 115-123. FAO. )2022(. Agricultural Data, FAOSTAT. Available at Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/collections. Fileccia, T. (2009). Conservation agriculture and food security in Kazakhstan. Working Paper, FAO Investment Centre Division, Rome. Forouhar, M. & Keshavarz, P. (2019). Conservation Agriculture, an Introduction to Nutrient Management, Agricultural Education Publication. (In Persian). Gandomkar, A. (2019). Affects of weeds control methods on yield and quality of fruit in apple tree. Eurasian Journal of Biosciences, 13(2), 1973-1977. General Directorate of Cotton, Oilseeds, and Industrial Plants. (2014). Plan to Increase Self-Reliance in Oilseed Production (Focusing on the Resistance Economy). Deputy for Agricultural Affairs, Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. 143 pages (In Persian). Hamzei, J. & Sayadian, E. (2018). The effect of mycorrhiza on reducing phosphorus consumption and yield of rainfed wheat under different tillage systems, 11th National Congress of Mechanical Engineering, Biosystems and Mechanization of Iran. (In Persian). Heshmati, S., Amini Dehghi, M., & Fathi Amirkhiz. (2017). Effects of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield, oil seed, and fatty acids spring safflower in water deficit conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 48 (1), 159-169. (In Persian). Huang, L.M., Jia, X.X., Zhang, G.L., & Shao, M.A. (2017). Soil organic phosphorus transformation during ecosystem development: A review. Plant and Soil, 417, 17-42. Jabbari, H., Nazari, M. R., Pourdad, S. S. et al. (1402). Irrigated and Rainfed Safflower Cultivation. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. (In Persian). Jiang, X., Wright, A.L., Wang, J., & Li, Z. (2011). Long-term tillage effects on the distribution patterns of microbial biomass and activities within soil aggregates. Catena, 87, 276-280. Kassam, A. H., Friedrich, T., Derpsch, R., & Kienzle, J. 2014. Worldwide adoption of conservation agriculture. 6th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Winnipeg, Canada. Khodshenas, M, A., Ghadbiklo, J. & Noorgholipour, F. (2012). The effect of different phosphorus levels on growth, yield, and phosphorus uptake efficiency in safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L. ). Soil Research 36(2): 148-163. (In Persian). Khoshgofarmanesh, A. H. (2017). Assessment of Plant Nutritional Status and Optimal Fertilizer Management. Isfahan University of Technology Press. (In Persian). Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A., & Pratt, P.F. (1982). Lithium, sodium, and potassium, P 225-246. In: A.J. Page (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical imd Microbiological. Properties.Agronomy Series Number 9 (Part 2). American Society of Agronomy. Inc. Soil Science Society of America. Inc. Madison.Wisconsin. USA. Kopitke, P. M., Dalal, R.C.,Wang P. & Menzies, N. (2018). Effects of long-term cultivation on phosphorus in five low-input soils. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 252, 191-199. Lindasy, W.L., & Norwell, W.A. (1978). Department of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science of America Journal, 42, 421-428. Liu, E., Chen, B., Yan, C., Zhang, Y., Mei, X., & Wang, J. 2015. Seasonal changes and vertical distributions of soil organic carbon pools under conventional and no-till practices on Loess Plateau in China. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 79, 517-526. Lopez, G., Ahmadi, S.H., Amelung, W., Athmann, M., Ewert, F., Gaiser, T., Gocke, M.I., Kautz, T., Postma, J., & Rachmilevitch, S. (2023). Nutrient deficiency effects on root architecture and root-to-shoot ratio in arable crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1067498. Mirzashahi, K., Moeiri, M. & Noorgholipour, F. (2019). Yield response of safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to phosphorus application and its efficiency indices. Iranian Agricultural Research 18(4), 477-488. (In Persian). Mohammadi, Z., Barani Motlagh, M., Asadi, M. E., Movahedi Naeini, S. A. & Sefidgar Shahkalai, S. (2019). The effect of different tillage managements on mineral forms of soil phosphorus. Soil and Water Science, 30 (4): 1-14. (In Persian). Nourgholipour, F. (2018). Optimization of fertilizer recommendations for new safflower cultivars in hot and cold regions of Iran, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Extension and Education Organization, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian). Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watnab, F.S., & Decan, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorous in soil by extra action with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Onnabi Milani, A. & Salek Zamani, A. (2015). Studying the effect of tillage type on soil moisture and permeability and safflower yield, Water Research in Agriculture 29(2): 195-207. (In Persian). Pavinato, P.S., Merlin, A., & Rosolem, C.A. )2009.( Phosphorus fractions in Brazilian Cerrado soils as affected by tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 105, 149-155. Prathap, V., Kumar, A., Maheshwari, C., & Tyagi. (2022). A. Phosphorus homeostasis: Acquisition, sensing, and long-distance signaling in plants. Molecular Biology Reports, 49, 8071-8086. Roozbeh, M. (2015). Effects of soil tillage and phosphorus management on phosphorus stratification in grain corn production system. Journal of Iranian Agricultural Research 14 (3), 494-502. (In Persian). Saadat, S., (2019). Final report of agricultural soil quality monitoring. Soil and Water Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), (In Persian). Saadat, S., Rezaei, H., Bagheri, Y. R., Mirkhani, R. & Esmaeil Nejad, L. (1402). Salinity map of agricultural soils of Iran, Technical Publication No. 630, National Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian). Salek Zamani, A. (2012). The effect of different tillage methods on safflower yield. Crop Ecology, 8(1), 41-48. (In Persian). Selles, F., Kochhann, R.A., Denardin, J.E., Zenter, R.P., & Faganello, A. (1997). Distribution of phosphorus in a Brazilian oxisol under different tillage systems. Soil and Tillage Research, 44, 23-34. Tomanian, N. (2013). A detailed soil study of the Kabutarabad Agricultural Research Station. Soil and Water Research Institute, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, pp. 1–73. Technical Report no: 1776. (In Persian). Walkey, A., & Black, T.A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjaref method for determining organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38. Zhang, X., Zhu, A., Xin, X., Yang, W., Zhang, J., & Ding, S. (2018a). Tillage and residue management for long-term wheat-maize cropping in the North China Plain: I. Crop yield and integrated soil fertility index. Field Crops Research, 221, 157-165. Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Wang, H., Wang, R., Wang, X., & Li, J. (2018b). Crop yield and soil properties of dryland winter wheat-spring maize rotation in response to 10-year fertilization and conservation tillage practices on the Loess Plateau. Field Crops Research, 225, 170-179. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 62 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 49 |
||
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب