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تحلیل آستانه توپوگرافی فرسایش خندقی در کشور بر پایه فراتحلیل داده‌های موجود | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| دوره 78، شماره 2، خرداد 1404، صفحه 173-187 اصل مقاله (1.06 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2024.378536.1774 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب شیخی1؛ علی اکبر نظری سامانی* 1؛ حاجی کریمی2؛ رضا بیات3 | ||
| 1گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران | ||
| 3پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش خندقی فرآیندی آستانه‌ای است که نقش مهمی در تخریب اراضی و تولید رسوب دارد. شناخت شرایط و اراضی تحت وقوع آن به عنوان یکی از مهمترین شاخص‌های شناسایی تخریب اراضی است. در این پژوهش به منظور تهیه نقشه فرسایش خندقی در سطح کشور با بررسی مقاله‌ها، پایان‌نامه‌ها و گزارش طرح پژوهشی نسبت به تدقیق موقعیت فرسایش خندقی و ایجاد پایگاه مکانی اقدام شد. موقعیت 2719 خندق در هر اقلیم و کاربری شناسایی شد. متغیرهای خاکی، اقلیم، بارندگی، دما و کاربری‌اراضی با استفاده از بررسی متون علمی-پژوهشی و مدل رقومی ارتفاعی 5/12 و 30 متری استخراج شد. آستانه توپوگرافی و درصد فراوانی خندق‌ها در ارتباط با عوامل مذکور تعیین شد. یافته‌های حاصل بیانگر 1328852 هکتار گستره خندق‌ها در سطح کشور است. بیشترین رخداد خندق در اقلیم نیمه‌خشک، طبقه بارندگی 350-250 میلیمتر در سال، مقدار زیاد سیلت ، شیب کمتر از 5 درصد و کاربری زراعت دیم است. بیشترین حد آستانه (ضریب ) در هر دو اقلیم خشک و نیمه‌خشک مربوط به کاربری مرتع است. دامنه ضریب ( متاثر از نوع فرآیند) در اقلیم خشک از 06/0 تا 37/0 و در اقلیم نیمه خشک از 002/0 تا 46/0 متغیر است. در خاک‌های ماسه‌ای به دلیل قابلیت نفوذ بیشتر و در خاک‌های رسی به دلیل قابلیت چسبندگی، مقدار مقاومت در برابر فرسایش خندقی بیشتر از خاک‌های سیلتی است. تخریب پوشش سطحی و رواناب دو نیروی محرک مهم در رخداد خندق است و تحت شرایط تغیر اقلیم در آینده اهیمت بیشتری پیدا خواهند کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اقلیم؛ بارندگی؛ شیب؛ کاربری‌اراضی؛ مساحت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Analysis of topographic threshold of gully erosion in the country based on meta-analysis of existing data | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zeinab Sheikhi1؛ Aliakbar Nazari Samani1؛ Haji Karimi2؛ Reza Bayat3 | ||
| 1Department of Arid and Mountainous Region Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Rang and Watershed, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran | ||
| 3Soil Conservation and Watershed Research Institute, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Gully erosion is a typically threshold process which is important in land degradation and sediment contribution. Having knowledge on driving conditions and affected lands by gullies are crucial for land degradation management. In this research to prepare the gully erosion map over Iran land mass about scientific references (article, thesis and report) were investigated in order to scrutinizing of spatial data base and gullying map. Location of 2719 gully headcuts under different climate and land use were identified. Environmental attributes including: soil, climate, rainfall and temperature were collected through using of DEM (12.5 and 30 m), and landuse by using of maps, scientific reports, research studies were extracted. The frequency of gullies was investigated in relation to literature investigation. Topographic threshold conditions were determined and the relative frequency of gully area under mentioned environmental factors were analyzed. The results show that the total gully area in Iran is about 1,328,852 ha. The most occurrence of this erosion is in semi-arid climates, with annual rainfall is 250-350 mm, high silt content, low slope (<5%) and under dry farming landuse. The lowest threshold coefficient () in both arid and semi-arid climates is related to ranglands. The coefficient varies from 0.06 to 0.37 in arid climate and from 0.002 to 0.46 in semi-arid climate, which is indicating of mixing process (surface and subsurface) on gully developing. The resistance of sandy soils (due to permeability) and clay soils (due to cohesion) is higher than silty ones The degradation of canopy cover and runoff generating are two main driving forces, which will be more important under climate change in the near future. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| area, climate, land use, rainfal, slope | ||
| مراجع | ||
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سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب