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A review of improving the heavy crude oil transportation process using additives | ||
| Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 09 تیر 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Review paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jchpe.2025.390285.1596 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Loay Ahmed Khamees* 1؛ Ghassan H. H. Abdul-Majeed2؛ Ayad A. Alhaleem2 | ||
| 1Department of petroleum refining engineering/ college of petroleum processes engineering/ Tikrit university | ||
| 2Baghdad University, College of Engineering | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Transporting heavy crude oil from the wellhead to the refinery is extremely important because worldwide oil production is on the rise. These oils are characterized by low API gravity and high viscosity. Due to these specifications, the flow of oil through pipelines is difficult, and to facilitate its transportation must be treated. In this paper, the additives that reduce the density and viscosity of crude oil and reduce the asphalt materials in it, which, if their percentage increases, are deposited in the transport pipelines. Additives are not only to reduce the viscosity and density of heavy oils, but their use aims to reduce the content of asphalt and sulfur materials and as a result of all this friction and pressure losses between crude oil and pipes will be reduced during transportation, with a decrease in viscosity and density of crude oil will increase its movement, and with a decrease in sulfur content will reduce corrosion that causes serious damage to pipes. Solvents (such as naphtha, toluene, gasoline, and kerosene) surfactants ( such as petroleum sulfonates, and polymeric surfactant), and nanoparticles ( such as Al2O3, and Fe2O3) are the most important additions that achieve this enhancement and optimization for the transport of crude oil through pipelines. One of the important additions that in turn improve heavy crude oil is the addition of solvents that have low viscosity and low density; these solvents reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil and reduce the proportions of metals | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| improving؛ heavy crude oil؛ transportation؛ upgrading؛ nanoparticle | ||
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