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تحلیلی بر نسبت مفهوم جمهوریت در قانون اساسی ج.ا.ایران و حقوق عمومی مدرن | ||
| فصلنامه سیاست | ||
| دوره 55، شماره 2، تیر 1404، صفحه 514-493 اصل مقاله (457.27 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jpq.2025.385830.1008254 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی قنبری* 1؛ علیرضا دبیرنیا2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشکدة حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم. | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکدة حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جمهوریت محوری‌ترین مفهوم حقوق عمومی مدرن و در عین حال شاخصِ اصلی نسبت‌سنجی نظام‌های سیاسی حقوقی با حقوق عمومی مدرن به‌شمار می‌رود. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحلیلی و منابع کتابخانه‌ای درصدد نسبت‌سنجی این مفهوم در قانون اساسی ایران با مبانی حقوق عمومی مدرن (حق تعیین سرنوشت در قالب یک قرارداد اجتماعی) است. در پاسخ به چگونگی این نسبت باید گفت تدقیق در ویژگی‌ها و نحوة جایابی مفهوم جمهوریت در کلیت قانون اساسی ایران، بیانگر این است که نسبت میان این مفهوم با مبانی حقوق عمومی مدرن، نه از جنس تباین و نه الزاماً از جنس واگرایانه است و علی‌رغم عدم تطابق کامل میان ماهیت و لوازم مفهوم جمهوریت مدرن با مفهوم جمهوریت در قانون اساسی، می‌توان نوعی نسبت سازگاری تعامل‌گرایانه را میان آنها استدراک کرد، به‌نحوی که از یک سو برخی مفاهیمِ مُقوِّمِ جمهوریت در آن درج شده است و از سوی دیگر نیز بخش‌های جمهوریت باورانه قانون اساسی (از منظر حقوق عمومی مدرن) به‌گونه‌ای در آن مندرج شده‌اند که نه‌تنها امکان مستحیل شدنِ آنها در سایر بخش‌های قانون اساسی وجود ندارد، بلکه قانون اساسی به‌عنوان تبلور قدرتِ مؤسس، به‌وضوح ظرفیت ایفای نقش هنجارسازی در مراحل قانونگذاری در نظام سیاسی حقوقی موردنظر خود را به بخش‌های مذکور داده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جمهوریت؛ قانون اساسی؛ حقوق عمومی مدرن؛ حق تعیین سرنوشت؛ قرارداد اجتماعی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of the Ratio between the Concept of Republic in the Constitution of I.R.Iran and Modern Public Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Ghanbari1؛ Alireza Dabirnia2 | ||
| 1PhD Student in Public Law, Department of Public Law, Qom University,Qom, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Qom University, Qom, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction The republic stands as the central concept of modern public law, serving as the primary indicator for assessing the proportionality between legal-political systems and contemporary constitutional principles. This study employs an analytical methodology and library research to examine the conceptualization of republicanism in the Iranian Constitution vis-à-vis the foundations of modern public law, particularly the right to self-determination framed within social contract theory. While the notion of republic has roots in pre-modern Western political thought, its contemporary understanding emerged through developments that shaped modern public law. This evolution has produced diverse approaches to conceptualizing republicanism among Western thinkers, with contemporary jurists and political philosophers emphasizing its interconnection with related concepts such as non-domination (Viroli), the common good (Zoller), l'intérêt commun (Odier), general will (Rousseau), and representation (Montesquieu). These conceptual linkages have become increasingly prominent in modern legal and political discourse, necessitating their consideration in any comprehensive analysis of republicanism. When examining the Iranian Constitution as an integrated system of principles, one finds meaningful engagement with various dimensions of republican thought. Notably, despite the constitution's grounding in Sharia principles, it incorporates concepts that resonate with contemporary republican theory. This creates potential for an interactive compatibility between the constitution's framework and modern public law, even if complete conceptual alignment is absent. Methodological Approach This research adopts a comparative analytical framework that examines Western philosophical developments of republican thought, identifies core elements and dimensions of modern republicanism and systematically analyzes constitutional principles and their interpretive possibilities and maps points of conceptual convergence and divergence Key Findings The results reveal that:- The relationship between the Iranian Constitution's conception of republic and modern public law principles is neither contradictory nor fundamentally divergent- While significant differences exist in their foundational premises, the constitution maintains space for constructive engagement with modern republicanism- Republican elements in the constitution are structurally embedded to exercise normative influence in legislation and governance- The text demonstrates capacity to articulate republican concepts in their modern sense, despite theological differences. Conclusion The study demonstrates that while the Iranian Constitution's conception of republic differs substantially from modern Western models, it maintains sufficient conceptual flexibility to permit meaningful engagement with contemporary public law principles. This interactive compatibility suggests that the constitution's republican provisions can function as normative foundations within Iran's legal-political system while remaining open to dialogue with modern constitutional thought. The findings highlight the importance of contextual interpretation in assessing constitutional republicanism across different legal traditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Republic, Constitution, Modern Public Law, Self-Determination Right, Social Contract | ||
| مراجع | ||
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