Okbah, Mohamed, El-Gammal, Maie, Bahnasawi, Mohamed, Balal, Abdulali. (1404). Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of the Gulf of Tobruk, Libya: Concentrations, Sources, and Environmental Risks. , 12(1), 275-287. doi: 10.22059/poll.2025.398762.3029
Mohamed Abdelaziz Okbah; Maie El-Gammal; Mohamed Bahnasawi; Abdulali Balal. "Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of the Gulf of Tobruk, Libya: Concentrations, Sources, and Environmental Risks". , 12, 1, 1404, 275-287. doi: 10.22059/poll.2025.398762.3029
Okbah, Mohamed, El-Gammal, Maie, Bahnasawi, Mohamed, Balal, Abdulali. (1404). 'Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of the Gulf of Tobruk, Libya: Concentrations, Sources, and Environmental Risks', , 12(1), pp. 275-287. doi: 10.22059/poll.2025.398762.3029
Okbah, Mohamed, El-Gammal, Maie, Bahnasawi, Mohamed, Balal, Abdulali. Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of the Gulf of Tobruk, Libya: Concentrations, Sources, and Environmental Risks. , 1404; 12(1): 275-287. doi: 10.22059/poll.2025.398762.3029

Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of the Gulf of Tobruk, Libya: Concentrations, Sources, and Environmental Risks

Pollution
دوره 12، شماره 1، بهار 2026، صفحه 275-287    اصل مقاله (703.6 K)
نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/poll.2025.398762.3029
نویسندگان
Mohamed Abdelaziz Okbah* 1؛ Maie El-Gammal2؛ Mohamed Bahnasawi3؛ Abdulali Balal4
1National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
2Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt
3Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt
4Department of Marine Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya
چکیده
There is limited data on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the waters of the Gulf of Tobruk, Libya. This study aims to establish a monitoring system to assess PAH concentrations, sources, and ecological risks in the region. Water samples were collected from seven sites during summer and winter. The concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 62.33 to 454.70 ng/L (Mean: 235.23 ± 152.37 ng/L) in summer and from 79.26 to 473.36 ng/L (Mean: 253.85 ± 151.49 ng/L) in winter, indicating high levels of pollution. Seasonal variations suggest lower PAH concentrations in summer due to differences in industrial activities, urban runoff, and hydrodynamic conditions. PAH diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed mixed petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. Tobruk Bay is under high ecological stress from PAH contamination. The ecological risk assessment classified the Gulf of Tobruk as a medium to high-risk area, posing potential harm to aquatic organisms. These findings underscore the need for long-term monitoring and pollution control strategies.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Ecological risk؛ Diagnostic ratios؛ Principal component Analysis (PCA)؛ Pollution
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