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بررسی تأثیرات آلودگی محیط زیستی نمای آجری و کامپوزیت (مطالعه موردی: ساختمانی مسکونی در شهر تبریز) | ||
| محیط شناسی | ||
| دوره 51، شماره 3، آذر 1404، صفحه 393-410 اصل مقاله (809.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2025.404057.1008644 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پریا معماری1؛ فاطمه گل زرودی1؛ طاها صباغیان* 2؛ احد شاه حسینی3 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2گروه ساختمان، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3گروه طراحی صنعتی، دانشکده طراحی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: امروزه آلایندههای محیطزیستی از مهمترین مشکلات زندگی بشر به شمار میرود که یکی از بخشهای تولیدکننده آن، صنعت ساختمان میباشد. استخراج مواد اولیه، تولید محصولات، حملونقل مصالح و بسیاری مسائل دیگر که عمدتاً به مصالح ساختمانی مربوط میشوند، دارای اثرات مخرب و جبرانناپذیری برای محیطزیست هستند؛ بنابراین توسعه و استفاده از مصالح سبز و روشهای ساختوساز پایدار دارای اهمیت زیادی میباشد. روش پژوهش: از آنجایی که یکی از بخشهای مهم در فرایند ساخت یک ساختمان، نمای آن است، در این پژوهش با انتخاب دو نمای رایج آجری و کامپوزیت در شهر تبریز و طبق تحقیقات و بررسیهای میدانی، به بررسی و محاسبات آلودگی ایجاد شده آنها در بخش پیشتولید، تولید، حملونقل و مرگ محصول با استفاده از معیارهای روش اکولایزر پرداخته شد. ابتدا مقدار مصالح بهکار رفته در هر نما بهدست آمد و با شاخص آلودگی mpt، مقدار آلودگی هر نما محاسبه و با هم مقایسه گردید. یافتهها: طبق محاسبات انجام شده، نمای آجری آلودگی کمتری نسبت به نمای کامپوزیت تولید کرد؛ بنابراین بین این دو نمونة مورد مطالعه، نمای آجری نمای مناسبتری برای شهر تبریز است. در ادامه پژوهش، به بهینهسازی نمای آجری با آلودگی کمتر با استفاده از مصالح جایگزین با شاخصههای پایینتر و همچنین مصالح بازیافتی پرداخته شد تا نما به بهترین حالت ممکن استفاده شود. با بهکارگیری روشهای بهینهسازی در فرایند تولید و حملونقل مصالح، میتوان میزان آلایندگی نمای آجری را تا حدود ۷۰ درصد کاهش داد. نتیجهگیری: با استفاده از این روش محاسبات میتوان بهترین نما را انتخاب کرد که علاوه بر در دسترس بودن آن، به محیطزیست آسیب کمتری برساند. این نتایج نشان داد که انتخاب مصالح ساختمانی با آلایندگی کمتر و اجرای برنامههای بهینهسازی میتواند نقش مهمی در کاهش اثرات منفی بر محیطزیست و توسعه ساختمانهای پایدار ایفا کند. همچنین مواردی مانند حملونقل مصالح و لوازم موردنیاز که بهعنوان یک عامل پنهان در محاسبات میزان آلایندگی صنعت ساختمان است، نیز در این امر حائز اهمیت است و باید در محاسبات در نظر گرفته شود. یکی از نکاتی که از یافتههای این پژوهش به شمار میرود این است که قبل از تصمیمگیری نهایی در طراحی و اجرای پروژههای ساختمانی، اثرات محیطزیستی مصالح مورد بررسی قرار گیرد تا علاوه بر کاهش آلودگی، هزینهها و مصرف منابع نیز کنترل شود. بهطورکلی، این تحقیق گام مفیدی در جهت ساختوساز سبز و کاهش اثرات محیطزیستی در سطح شهری است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آلودگی؛ محیط زیست؛ اکولایزر؛ نمای آجری؛ نمای کامپوزیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of the Environmental Pollution Impacts of Brick and Composite Facades (Case Study: A Residential Building in Tabriz City) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Paria Memari1؛ Fateme Golzaroodi1؛ Taha Sabaghian2؛ Ahad Shahhoseini3 | ||
| 1Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Construction, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design, Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective: Nowadays, environmental pollutants are considered one of the most important problems in human life, and one of the sectors producing them is the construction industry. The extraction of raw materials, production of building products, transportation of materials, and many other construction-related activities have substantial and often irreversible impacts on the environment. Therefore, the development and use of green materials and sustainable construction practices are of great importance. Method: Since the facade is a critical component of a building's construction, this study selects two common types of facade in Tabriz—brick and composite—and investigates their associated pollution. Based on field research and surveys, the impact during the pre-production, production, transportation, and end-of-life phases was calculated using the Equalizer method. First, the amount of materials used in each facade type was obtained, and the pollution amount caused by each facade type was calculated and compared with the mpt pollution index. Results: According to the calculations, the brick facade produced less pollution than the composite facade. Therefore, between these two studied examples, the brick facade was the more suitable option for the city of Tabriz. The research focused on optimizing the brick facade with less pollution by using alternative materials with lower indicators and also recycled materials so that the facade could be used in the best possible way. By applying optimization methods in the production and transportation process of materials, the pollution level of the brick facade could be reduced by about 70 percent. Conclusions: Based on the results, the optimal facade type in the study area is the one that, in addition to its availability, causes less damage to the environment. This study showed that choosing building construction materials with less pollution and implementing optimization programs can play an important role in reducing negative impacts on the environment and developing sustainable buildings. Also, issues such as the transportation of materials and supplies, which act as hidden factors in the calculations of the pollution level of the construction industry, are also important in this regard and should be considered in the calculations. This research indicates that before making a final decision on the design and implementation of construction projects, the environmental impacts of materials should be examined in order to control costs and resource consumption in addition to reducing pollution. Overall, this research is a useful step towards green construction and reducing environmental impacts at the urban level. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Brick facade, Composite façade, Ecolizer, Environment, Pollution | ||
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