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دیاپوز و تنظیم آن با سیگنالدهی اندوکرین در حشرات: از محرکهای محیطی تا پیامدهای مدیریتی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 1، تیر 1404، صفحه 1-23 اصل مقاله (1.53 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijpps.2026.409902.1007105 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اعظم امیری1؛ علیرضا بندانی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، گروه مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران | ||
| 2گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دیاپوز یکی از مهمترین راهبردهای تاریخچهزیستی فصلی در حشرات است که امکان عبور از دورههای قابلپیشبینی نامساعد (مانند سرمای زمستان، خشکی تابستان یا کمبود میزبان) را از طریق توقف رشدی و/یا سرکوب تولیدمثلِ ازپیشبرنامهریزیشده و تحت کنترل هورمونی فراهم میکند. این پدیده «یک مکث ساده» نیست، بلکه فرایندی مرحلهمند شامل القا، آمادهسازی، آغاز، نگهداشت، خاتمه و در بسیاری موارد کمون پسادیاپوزی است که با بازآرایی عمیق متابولیک، بودجهبندی انرژی و افزایش تحمل تنش همراه میشود. تصمیم برای ورود، تداوم یا خروج از دیاپوز عمدتاً به نشانههای محیطیِ قابلاعتماد—بهویژه فتوپریود و سپس دما—وابسته است و در برخی سامانهها عوامل تغذیهای و رطوبتی آن را تعدیل میکنند. این ورودیها از طریق شبکههای عصبی–اندوکرین و محورهای کلیدی هورمون جوانی، اکدیستروئیدها و مسیر انسولین/شبهانسولین به تغییرات پایدار فیزیولوژیک ترجمه میشوند و تخصیص منابع را از رشد و تولیدمثل به ذخیرهسازی، نگهداشت و بقا سوق میدهند. همچنین بر ضرورت تمایز دیاپوز از کوایسنس و پرهیز از خلط آن با «کمون پسادیاپوزی» تأکید میشود، زیرا این تمایز مستقیماً بر تفسیر دادهها و پیشبینی زمان ظهور اثر دارد. از منظر گیاهپزشکی و مدیریت تلفیقی آفات، دیاپوز زمانبندی ظهور مراحل خسارتزا و پنجرههای حساسیت به اعمال روشهای کنترلی را تعیین میکند؛ بنابراین مدلهای فنولوژیِ آگاه از دیاپوز و تلفیق آنها با پایش میدانی میتواند زمانبندی مداخلات کنترلی را دقیقتر و در شرایط تغییر اقلیم، تصمیمگیری مدیریتی را واقعگرایانهتر سازد.. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| دیاپوز؛ فوتوپریود؛ ترموپریود؛ تنظیم اندوکرین؛ مدیریت آفات | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Diapause and its regulation by endocrine signaling in insects: from environmental stimuli to management implications in plant protection | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Azam Amiri1؛ Ali R. Bandani2 | ||
| 1Department of Landscape Engineering, College of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran | ||
| 2Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Diapause is a major seasonal life-history strategy in insects that enables populations to survive predictable unfavorable periods (e.g., winter cold, summer drought, or host scarcity) through a hormonally regulated, preprogrammed arrest of development and/or suppression of reproduction. This is not a “simple pause”; rather, it is a phase-structured process encompassing induction, preparation, initiation, maintenance, termination, and, in many cases, post-diapause quiescence. The mechanism is accompanied by profound metabolic reorganization, energetic budgeting, and enhanced stress tolerance. The decision to enter, maintain, or terminate diapause is driven primarily by reliable environmental cues—especially photoperiod and subsequently temperature—while nutritional and moisture-related factors can further modulate this response in some systems. These inputs are translated into persistent physiological states through neuroendocrine networks and key endocrine axes involving juvenile hormone, ecdysteroids, and insulin/insulin-like signaling, thereby redirecting resource allocation from growth and reproduction toward storage, maintenance, and survival. This review also emphasizes the importance of distinguishing diapause from quiescence and avoiding the frequent confusion between them, because misclassification directly affects data interpretation and the prediction of emergence timing. From a plant-protection and integrated pest management (IPM) perspective, diapause governs the timing of damaging life stages and the width of control-sensitive windows; therefore, diapause-informed phenology models, coupled with field monitoring, can improve forecasting, sharpen intervention timing, and support more realistic management decisions under climate change. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Diapause, Photoperiod, Thermoperiod, Endocrine regulation, Pest Management | ||
| مراجع | ||
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