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مقاومت به بیماری بلایت فوزاریومی سنبله در بین ژنوتیپهای گندم امیدبخش اقلیم گرم و خشک جنوب کشور | ||
| دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 2، دی 1404، صفحه 381-401 اصل مقاله (1.34 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijpps.2026.409761.1007102 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی ملیحی پور* 1؛ محمدعلی دهقان2؛ کمال شهبازی3 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات غلات، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 3مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، پارس آباد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری بلایت فوزاریومی سنبله، عمدتاً ناشی از قارچFusarium graminearum ، از مهمترین بیماریهای گندم در اقلیم گرم و مرطوب در ایران است. این بیماری در شرایط جوی مناسب برای بیماری، در اقلیم گرم و خشک جنوب نیز اهمیت پیدا میکند. در تحقیق حاضر، 28 ژنوتیپ امیدبخش اقلیم گرم و خشک جنوب با هدف شناسایی و گزینش ژنوتیپهای مقاوم به بیماری، در ایستگاههای تحقیقات کشاورزی عراقی محله (گرگان) و مغان (پارس آباد) و نیز در شرایط گلخانه (کرج) در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوکهای کامل تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب دادههای مربوط به میزان وقوع، شدت و شاخص بیماری و میزان آلودگی دانه بهدست آمده از مزرعه نشان داد که برای هر چهار صفت مذکور تفاوت معنیداری بین ژنوتیپهای آزمایشی وجود دارد. تجزیه واریانس ساده دادههای مربوط به میزان پیشرفت بیماری در سنبله در شرایط گلخانه نیز تفاوت معنیداری بین این ژنوتیپها نشان داد. بررسی حاضر نشان داد که هفت لاین S-93-25، S-93-23، S-93-12، S-93-24، S-93-27، S-93-10 و S-93-13 با کسب میانگین رتبههای 8/3 تا 3/8، بهدست آمده از متغیرهای مختلف بیماری در مزرعه و گلخانه، در مقایسه با سایر ژنوتیپها از مقاومت بالاتری برخوردارند. سه لاین S-93-17، S-93-11 و S-93-15 نیز در جایگاههای بعدی قرار داشتند. با توجه به نتایج حاضر و سایر نتایج بهدست آمده در برنامه بهنژادی گرم و خشک، لاین S-93-15 با نام سحر جهت کشت در این اقلیم معرفی شده است. سایر لاینهای گفته شده در بالا نیز نامزدهای مناسبی برای جایگزینی با رقمهای قدیمیتر در این اقلیم میباشند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آلودگی دانه؛ شاخص بیماری؛ شدت بیماری؛ وقوع بیماری؛ Fusarium graminearum | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) among elite wheat genotypes from the South warm and dry zone of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Malihipour1؛ Mohammadali Dehghan2؛ Kamal Shahbazi3 | ||
| 1Cereal Research Department, Seed & Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), AREEO, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 3Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Parsabad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in the North warm and humid climate in Iran. The disease may also become important in the South warm and dry climate if weather conditions are conducive for the disease. In this study, 28 elite wheat genotypes from the South warm and dry climate were investigated in order to identifying and selecting resistant genotypes in a randomized complete block design under field conditions in two locations of Araghi-Mahalleh (Gorgan) and Moghan (Parsabad) agricultural research stations and in the greenhouse. Combined analysis of variance of several datasets including disease incidence, severity, and index and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) from the field showed significant differences among the genotypes. Simple analysis of variance of data of disease progress within the inoculated spikes in the greenhouse also showed significant differences among the genotypes. This study showed that seven lines including S-93-25, S-93-23, S-93-12, S-93-24, S-93-27, S-93-10, and S-93-13, having an average rank of 3.8 to 8.3 from different variables of the disease collected from the field and greenhouse, had higher resistance to FHB. Three lines of S-93-17, S-93-11, and S-93-15 were stand in the next places. According to these data and other data collected from the South warm and dry breeding program, the line S-93-15 was denominated as the new wheat cultivar “Sahar” for cultivation in this zone. The other lines mentioned above may also be relevant candidates for replacement with older cultivars. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Disease incidence, disease index, disease severity, Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), Fusarium graminearum | ||
| مراجع | ||
منابعبامدادیان، علی و ترابی، محمد (1362). بیماریهای مهم گندم و جو و نحوه یادداشتبرداری از آنها. تهران: مؤسسه تحقیقات آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی. 67 ص. ملیحیپور، علی (1402). بیماری بلایت فوزاریومی سنبله گندم. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. 268 ص. ملیحیپور، علی، دهقان، محمدعلی، شهبازی، کمال و اسماعیلزاده مقدم، محسن (1397). بررسی مقاومت به بیماری بلایت فوزاریومی سنبله در ژنوتیپهای گندم امیدبخش سال 1392 اقلیم گرم و خشک جنوب کشور در شرایط مزرعه و گلخانه. دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران، 49، 41-55. ملیحیپور، علی، اسماعیلزاده مقدم، محسن، نجفیان، گودرز، روستایی، مظفر، نجفی میرک، توحید، امینی، اشکبوس، خدارحمی، منوچهر و بختیار، فرشاد (1399). ارقام گندم ایران (معرفی شده طی سالهای 1310-1398). کرج: نشر آموزش کشاورزی. 172 ص
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