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بررسی پاسخ شاخصهای زیستی و کیفی خاک به تغییر کاربری از جنگل به باغ چای و شالیزار (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان فومن، استان گیلان، ایران) | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 57، شماره 1، فروردین 1405، صفحه 131-149 اصل مقاله (1.73 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2026.405888.670048 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عاطفه توکلی* 1؛ احمد گلچین2؛ پرویز کرمی3؛ شهریار صبح زاهدی4 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان،ایران. | ||
| 2گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. | ||
| 3گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران. عضو گروه پژوهشی مطالعات محیطی دریاچه زریبار، پژوهشکده | ||
| 4بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی و تغییرات عمق بر ویژگیهای زیستی، شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک در منطقه فومن، استان گیلان انجام شد. بدینمنظور، از هر یک از کاربریهای جنگل طبیعی، باغ چای و شالیزار، تعداد ۱۵ نمونه خاک در پنج عمق (20-0، 40-20، 60-40، 80-60 و 100-80 سانتیمتر) جمعآوری شد. شاخصهای اندازهگیری شده شامل کربن آلی خاک (SOC)، تنفس میکروبی (Cmin)، کربن زیستتوده میکروبی (MBC)، گلومالین، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه (MWD)، فعالیت آنزیمهای دهیدروژناز، فسفاتاز اسیدی و قلیایی، سلولاز، pH و ضریب متابولیک (qCO₂) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل عمق و کاربری بر تمام شاخصهای اندازهگیری شده در سطح احتمال یک درصد (p<0.01) معنیدار بود. بهطورکلی، باغ چای در اغلب شاخصها عملکرد بهتری نسبت به دو کاربری دیگر داشت؛ بهگونهای که در لایه سطحی (20-0 سانتیمتر)، مقدار SOC، Cmin، MBC، آنزیم سلولاز، گلومالین و MWD بهترتیب 94/17، 36/0، 44/19، 16، 3/14 و 7 درصد بیشتر از جنگل و 86/36، 68/1، 79/46، 61/23، 92/55 و 34/52 درصد بیشتر از شالیزار بود. فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز اسیدی در لایه سطحی کاربری جنگل نسبت به کاربریهای باغچای و شالیزار بهترتیب 66/23 و 88/10 درصد بیشتر بود. در مقابل، در لایه سطحی، فعالیت آنزیمهای دهیدروژناز، فسفاتاز قلیایی و شاخص qCO₂ در شالیزار بهترتیب 4 برابر، 35/7 و 86/31 درصد بیشتر از جنگل و 89/15، 5/9 و 28/43 درصد بیشتر از باغ چای بود. این افزایش نشان میدهد که میکروارگانیسمهای خاک در شرایط غرقابی شالیزار، بهدلیل محدودیت اکسیژن و کارایی پایین مصرف کربن، انرژی بیشتری برای حفظ متابولیسم صرف میکنند. سایر شاخصها نیز با افزایش عمق کاهش معنیداری داشتند. این نتایج بیانگر برتری نسبی باغهای چای از نظر کیفیت زیستی و پایداری خاک نسبت به سایر کاربریها و اهمیت حفظ این کاربری در اکوسیستمهای خاکی شمال ایران است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تغییر کاربری؛ شاخص حساسیت؛ عمق خاک؛ کربن آلی؛ گلومالین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Response of Soil Biological and Quality Indicators to Land-Use Change from Forest to Tea Plantation and Paddy Field (A Case Study from Fuman, Gilan Province, Iran) ABSTRACT | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Atefeh Tavakoli1؛ Ahmad Golchin2؛ Parviz Karami3؛ Shahriar Sobh Zahedi4 | ||
| 1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 3Department Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Board Member of Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan | ||
| 4Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Researches Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Researches and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was conducted to investigate the effects of land-use change and soil depth variations on the biological, chemical, and physical properties of soil in Fuman region, Gilan Province. Accordingly, 15 soil samples were collected from each of the natural forest, tea plantation, and paddy field land uses at five soil depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm). The measured indicators included soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial respiration (Cmin), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), glomalin, mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), activities of dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, cellulase, soil pH, and the metabolic quotient (qCO₂). Analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of depth and land use on all measured indicators was significant at the 1% probability level (p < 0.01). Overall, the tea plantation performed better in most indicators compared with the other two land uses; in the surface layer (0–20 cm), the values of SOC, Cmin, MBC, cellulase, glomalin and MWD were respectively 17.94%, 0.36%, 19.44%, 16%, 14.3% and 7% higher relative to the forest, and 36.86%, 1.68%, 46.79%, 23.61%, 55.92% and 52.34% higher relative to the paddy field. In the surface soil layer, acid phosphatase activity in the forest land use was 23.66% and 10.88% higher than those in the tea plantation and paddy field, respectively. In contrast, in the surface layer, Dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and qCO₂ in the paddy field were, respectively, four times, 7.35% and 31.86% higher relative to the forest, and 15.89%, 9.5% and 43.28% higher relative to the tea plantation. This increase suggests that under flooded paddy field conditions, soil microorganisms require greater energy expenditure to maintain their metabolism as a result of oxygen limitation and low carbon-use efficiency. Other indicators also showed a significant decrease with increasing depth. These results indicate the relative superiority of tea plantations in terms of biological quality and structural stability of the soil compared with other land uses, and highlight the importance of maintaining this land use for the sustainability of soil ecosystems in northern Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Depth of soil, Glomalin, Land-use change, Organic carbon, Sensitivity index | ||
| مراجع | ||
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